Agnes O’Farrelly


Life
1894-1951 [Agnes Winifrid Farrelly, later. O’Farrelly; Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh; nom-de-plume “Uan Uladh’]; b. 24 June 1874 in Raffony Hse., Virginia, Co. Cavan, dg. of Peter Dominic and Ann (née Sheridan) Farrelly; contrib. articles inc. “Glimpses of Breffni” to the Anglo-Celt, Jan.-March 1895; wrote for ‘Irish Fireside Club’, ed. by Rose Kavanagh in Weekly Freeman, from 1887;  ed. St Mary’s University College [Muckross Park College, Dublin], where she persuaded the administration to employ Eoin MacNeill (Gaelic League VP) as Irish-language teacher; passed five summers on Inis Meain (Aran Islands) from 1898, and estab. Women’s Branch of Gaelic League on the islands, grad. Royal University [NUI], 1899, and MA, 1900; appt. lect. at Alexandra and Loreta colleges, Dublin, and taught Irish with the Gaelic League; joined the Gaelic League executive, continuing in post to 1915;  petitioned for reprieve of Roger Casement, 1916; mediated with Republicans in an attempt to prevent Civil War, 1922; fnd.-mbr and sometime principal of the Ulster College of Irish (Cloghaneely, Co. Donegal); m. Edward Thomas John, Welsh nationalist and MP for Angelsey, 1917 - and worked to revive Celtic Congress [formerly Assoc.] with him, continuing after his death in 1931;
 
as chairperson of Coiste an Oideachais [Educational Committee] of the Gaelic League, she convinced Walter Starkie, Commissioner of National Education, of the merits of the bilingual programme in National Schools, 1904; founding member of Cumann na bBann, 1914 - though soon quarrelled over wartime recruitment to British Army, which she approved of; stood unsuccessfully for NUI seat in Dail, 1923 and 1927; when she was appt. Prof. of Modern Irish, 1932; gave evidence to successive education commissions on co-education; elected Pres. of Camogie Association of Ireland (where she secured the Ashbourne Cup) from 1914 until her death; author of stories and novels incl. Smaoithe ar Arainn (stories), and and Out of the Depths (1921), poetry; joined Cumann na mBan but left in quarrel over her support for Irish recruitment in WWI; awarded DLitt, NUI Maynooth, 1944; d. 5 Nov. 1951;  president of the Irish Federation of University Women (1937–39) and of the National University Women Graduates’ Association (1943–47); commonly spoken of as nationalist, language revivalist, feminist, utopian and considered the first woman to have studied Irish at graduate level; there is an oil port. by Sean Keating. WIKI RIA

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Works
Smauinte ar Árainn [by] Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh (BAC: Connradh na Gaeilge 1902) [see cover at DCU - online]; trans. as Smaointe ar Árainn/Thoughts on Aran, by Agnes O’Farrelly, trans. Ríona Nic Congáil (Galway: Arlen House [rep. 2024]; Syracuse UP 2011), 144pp.

Note: Her story “East, West, Home’s Best” set in Aran (from An Cheamhaire), is printed bilingually on facing pages in Irish Literature, gen. ed. Justin McCarthy (Washington 1904), pp.3966-3975 [accessible at Internet Archive - as infra.]


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Criticism
Ríona Nic Congáil, Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh agus an Fhís Útóipeach Ghaelach (Gaillimh: Arlen House, 2010), 400pp. [see excerpt at Academia.edu - online].

[ The entry in Dictionary of Irish Biography (RIA 2004) by Marie Coleman includes the remarks: ‘ A founder member, and subsequently principal for many years, of the Ulster College of Irish, Cloghaneely, Co. Donegal, she was also associated with the Leinster Oand Connacht colleges and served as chairperson of the Federation of Irish Language Summer Schools. Reputed to have poor spoken Irish (Brian Ó Nulláin [Flann O’Brien, q.v.] claimed she had ‘atrocious Irish”), during a visit to the Aran islands she “frightened a little Irish-speaking boy out of his wits ... because she said to him one Sunday morning: “If you are going to hell I will go with you.” She had mistaken the word ifreann, hell, for Aifreann, mass!” (Citing Patrick Meenan, St Patrick’s blue and saffron (1997), and Dame Columba Butler, “Agnes O’Farrelly and Aran”, Capuchin Annual 1952; [Available at RIA online; accessed 18.02.2024].

 

Quotations

’At last the conviction that languages emphasises nationality is becoming universal in Ireland. Our dreams are fast turning to actual facts, and henceforth, whatever betides, life in Ireland must take on a richer, fuller hue in consonance with the thoughts of a people whose soul and conscience are awake.’ (O’Farrelly, speech at the opening of the Ulster College of Irish, August 1918; quoted on Cavan Arts - online.)

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East, West, Home’s Best” (from An Cheamhaire), is printed bilingually on facing pages in Irish Literature, gen. ed. Justin McCarthy (Washington 1904), pp.3966-3975.

 The dancing had not long begun when the Cneamhaire slipped out unnoticed.
 Up the path he went towards the cliff side of the island. Still onwards until he was on the top of the height. He paused there. Though a strong, stout man, age was pressing on him, and he had, perforce, to rest.
 The moon was high in the sky, and the island and the sea could be plainly seen. The scene before him was beautiful and calm, but within the heart of the old man a storm was raging. Thus it was he did not notice how beautiful the world seemed about him. God only knew what was oppressing him.
 He waved his arms above his head and spoke aloud :
 “It is my own! Mine alone! Nobody else has any claim to it. I paid well for it — right well.”
 On he went again, walking, ever walking, just as if he had it in his mind thus to subdue the storm in his heart.
 He was not long walking at that rate until he drew near to the cliffs.
 Then he stopped suddenly, for he thought he heard some¬ body’s voice. He set himseif to listen, and after a short space of time he was certain of it. The voice of a woman crying, that it was, without doubt.
 When he looked towards the place whence the sound came he saw clearly somebody leaning against the fence.
 He drew near, and perceived at once that it was Maire Bhan who was there before him.

 [...]

 “Isn’t it a great wonder you wouldn’t be looking out to get a wife to suit you,” said Peadar’s father to him a couple of clays later. “ Isn’t Maire Chatach, the daughter of the widow over in Cronn-an-Bhaile, a nice, good-looking girl? ”
 Peadar set himself to listen. If the sun fell down out of the sky it would not surprise him more. He was unable to say as much as a word.
 “It is time for Cait, too, to settle down in a place of her own. Two mistresses wmuld not go well together in one house. What do you think of young Mac Donnchadha? He has not a sod of land, but, even so, he is a fine, strong boy. Honest people they were, his seven generations before him.”
 Peadar could not get out a word, and he did not understand the state of the question at all. In truth, he did not, any more than a shoemaker’s last, as one might say; but if he were present in the little room beyond the kitchen afterwards, it is likely that he would understand the whole matter right well. It is an old proverb, and it is a true one, which says that a straw shows how the wind blows.
 By-and-by, when the young people were down in the muirbheach, the Cneamhaire comes in to Peadar’s father and a bag in his hand.
 He draws the full of his hand of gold pieces from the bag, and counting out sixty pounds on the table before him, he says, looking steadily and sharply at the other man :
 “ Tomas Sheaghan Ruaidhri will never put the top of his dirty finger on my money. By heavens, he’ll not. It is to love and to youth I am giving it.” [End.]

[accessible at Internet Archive - online.]

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Notes
Patrick Pearse: The National Library of Ireland holds a letter from her to Patrick Pearse enclosing a past exam paper to assist him with his current examination in Irish [Pearse Papers]. See other papers by Fhaircheallaigh at NLI - online.

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