John Bernard Trotter

Life

1775-1818, b. 26 Dec., 1775, at Downpatrick (Co. Down), son of a Protestant clergyman; one of three brothers and a sister; educ. by Mr. Wilde, Downpatrick; grad. TCD, BA 1795; took deacon’s orders and entered the Church; disappointed in hopes of advancement by Bishop Dixon of Bishop of Down & Connor, a mat. uncle who himself received preferment from a boyhood friend the Prime Minister Charles James Fox; entered the Temple in London and was called to bar, 1797; wrote strenuously against the Act of Union in a pamphlet (An investigation of the legality and validity of a union, 1799) and was noticed by Fox. who brought him with him on a literary trip to Paris, meeting Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul — who took Trotter to be a Catholic as being Irish (hibernois);

returned to Ireland and embarked on a bar career but soon retired to Glasnevin; there met the case of the young woman ruined by scandal living (and dying) in Finglas which formed the topic of his novel, Stories for Irish Calumniators (1809); supported John Meade, the anti-Union candidate, in the Down bye-election of 1806 and gave a spirited answer to Robert Stewart (Lord Castlereagh); ed. Evening Herald (Dublin) in Dublin; recalled by Fox to act as his private secretary in his last days, and received no further appointment or recompense at Fox’s death in Sept. 1806; returned to Dublin and unsuccessfully conducted the Historical Register, living in Philipsburgh [now Phibsborough]; suffered the death of his brother Ruthven, killed at Buenos Aires, Jan. 1808;

retired to Larkhill, Co. Down on failure of the Register; adopted a poor boy to bring up as his companion and secretary; supported the Catholic hierarchy in pamphlets during the Veto Controversy regarding their right to select there own bishops without interference — making party enemies in the process; aroused by the Irish Harp Revival festivals associated with Edward Bunting in Belfast (1792), he founded the National Harp Society in Dublin with others, 1809; enlisted subscriptions from 222 members though receiving donations from only 30; formed a governing committee with num. notables [‘The List of Subscribers had to boast of a Moore, a Scott, a Walker, and the first literary characters of the day’: Walks, p.335], including his staunch friend William Liddiard (the author of the Memoirs prefixed to Walks Through Ireland, 1819] and sundry members of the patriotic movement associated with Grattan — with whom he had earlier quarrelled over the latter’s support for the Insurrection Bills; plunged money into a O’Carolan Commemoration, living at a house in Richmond which he furnished lavishly to exhibit Patrick Quin and his instrument;

pursued by bailiffs at behest of creditors and moved to Montalta, a villa in Co. Wicklow; there wrote Memoirs of the Last Days of Charles James Fox (1811) — a moving testimony but coloured by acrimonious sketches of political contemporaries; rejected minor government employment offered by George Canning; moved to Dalkey, Co. Dublin, where he wrote Margaret of Waldemar, a romantic novel for which he could find no publisher; still pursued by creditors, he retreated further to the Hook Peninsula in Co. Wexford and was there followed by bailliffs whom the initially welcomed as strangers but then threw out of doors; arrested for assault and placed in the Marshalsea in Wexford with some rough-handling and afterwards removed by habeas corpus to Dublin; published “Five Letters,” while in prison there writing favourably of the Prince Regent;

his sentence reduced to weeks rather than the years on showing evidence of friendship of the Prince Regent; married his faithful female companion in prison, called a member of a respectable family by his biographer; received a donation of $200 from Lord Yarmouth to pay off his debts; travelled to England in pursuit of advancement but returned empty-handed in 1813; settled at Balbriggan, Co. Louth where he wrote the short poem “Battle of Leipsic”, moving then moved to Rathfarnham, where he commenced his long poem The Rhine, or Warrior Kings (24 vols.; unpubl.); driven out again and retreated with his family to Tramore, Co. Waterford; gave courageous assistance to survivors of the wreck of a military transport ship returning with soldiers from Waterloo; his young ccompanion enlisted in desperation in India Company Army but was released on payment of a sum received from Lady Liverpool ($100); spent some time wandering in Wales before returning to live in Cork where he attempted again to launch a Historical Register and failed;

undertook a pedestrian tour of Ireland to make money by a book, producing his Walks Through Ireland (posthum. 1819), written as a series of letters to Rev. William Liddiard, then rector of Knock-marck — the probable biographer in, and publisher of, the book itself; received hospitality in cottages and cabins and assisted the poor with letters to Robert Peel, then Chief Secretary for Ireland; entered protracted period of poverty with his family and young companion, living at Hammond’s Marsh in Cork, where he contracted dysentry; visited by an orange-seller who herself seemingly ‘pined away’ after his death - survived by his wife, of whom nothing further is known; attended on death-bed the Dean of Cork; d. 29 Sept. 1818, and bur. by his own wish under the elms in Cork Cathedral church-yard; Walks appeared posthumously with an unsigned Biographical Memoir prob. by Liddiard. IF CAH RIA

Walks Through Ireland: though often repetitious and given to lengthy flights around the natural scenery of Ireland, Trotter fills his pages with sympathetic observations about Irish country people including Catholic priests and bishops, while stating the case against the brutal imposition of the Anglican Church in Ireland as the established religion, to the great loss of the traditional clergy and faithful of Ireland. This “alteration” he traces to prejudice against the Irish considered as “Papists”- that is, adherents of a foreign Church with malevolent intent towards the English crown - an error which he sees as ensuring the disloyalty of the Irish masses who would otherwise have accepted the secular authority of the crown. in Trotter’s revision of English state politics in Irland, both Irish chieftains and foreign kings are repeatedly denominated “despots” who cruelly domineered over their people and wasted there lives in futile internecine wars with other kings on the island. From this the centralised monarchy of England saved them - goes the argument. Roderick O’Connor is his bête noir in this regard and here is animosity is traceable to a seventeenth century play in which the High King of that name did appear as a villain. Later on, however, the scene has changed and Trotter - who is an entusiastic adherent of the Irish Nation in the sense intended by the patriots of Grattan’s Parliament (although he broke with Grattan over the latter’s endorsement of the Insurrection Bills) perceived that remorseless system of rack-renting in post-Union Ireland which Maria Edgeworth also characterised as a scourge in her Irish novels is now the main abuse of power which is holding back the advance of “civilisation” in a country. In the passages dealing with the recent rebellion of the United Irishmen, Trotter consistently suggests that without the tyranny of the Anglo-Irish oligarchy over the peasantry, together with the continuing extortion of tithes by their church the Irish would not fallen in with the “sanguinary” spirit of the French revolution.

Warmly-felt passages devoted to the woes of the poor - including their ominous dependence on potatoes - alternate with others describing the “polished manners” and the Anglo-Irish on their opulent country homes whom he hails as “improvers”, and whose building projects he so much admires. Trotter’s failure to connect the hardship of one party with the luxury of the other in his general picture of Irish conditions seems perverse to the point of downright hypocrisy — if it is satirical in intent — especially when he turns to eulogising the English monarchs for their “enlightened” and “exalted” outlook on the “empire” which they rule - Elizabeth I and William III in particular. In terms of intellectual formation, Trotter has treated himself to a course of historical reading amid such authors authors as Thomas Leland [q.v.] and David Hume - both of whom were rebuked by Charles O’Conor [q.v.] and others in the Catholic camp for partiality to the English side in their histories of Ireland. It appears to be from those sources that he received the blatantly distorted version of the Norman invasion and subsequent dealings with the indigenous leaders and the Irish people at large who are charged with failing to recognise the leadership qualities of the leading Norman adventurers. What is largely missing in all this is any sense of cultural difference which was immensely aggravated by the English Reformation and the ecclesiastical politics visited on Ireland afterwards. From Trotter’s standpoint (as with those historians) the failure of the English crown to permit the Irish to practise their religion sense from a bad principle of government which creates division where it need not exist. He does not, in other words, consider that the ills afflicting Ireland in every generation stem from the colonial system per se - a belief espoused by most Irish historians whose thinking is coloured by nationalst ethos today. At times, however, he hits the nail with a resounding blow, as when he says that Elizabeth “commenced with injustice, [and] was compelled to continue with persecution” - insofar as she evicted Catholic bishop and brought in a clerical crew from her own court.

The limitations of Trotter’s perspective as a member of his class and period are no less evident than his strengths as an honest observer of English misrule in nineteenth-century Ireland. In spite of his strong attachment to the Irish harp and his taste for Irish songs, he has no sense at all of the ways in which Irish cultural nationalism must inevitably lead on to - or join up with - Irish national insurgency and possibly repubican revolution, as actually happened in the long nineteenth-century. His sense of Gaelic culture is very much shaped by a hearty immersion in Macpherson’s Ossian — a rambling poem which he thinks the only epic likely to emerge from Gaelic society - be it Scottish or Irish in origin.The chief lights in his literary heaven are Oliver Goldsmith [q.v.] and Thomas Gray, Homer, Horace, Juvenal, and roguish Tommy Moore [q.v.], all of whom supply the apt quotations which adorn his letters in some profusion. At one point, indeed, he pauses to consider why the Irish do not have an epic or a drama — and predictably indicts the despotism of the tribal kings in keeping with his notion that they handicapped the Irish and prevented them from breeding a Homer or a Virgil. (No awareness of Táin Bó Cuailgne show here). On the other side, Trotter strenuously opposed the Act of Union - or at least a union in which the promise of Catholic Emancipation has not yet been fulfilled - and the Veto Bill which proposed to curb the freedom of the Catholic clergy in the election of their own bishops. Indeed, in several pamphlets more or less contemporaneous with his Walks, Trotter takes up the cudgel for the Catholic hierarchy and, as he sees it, incurs the wrath of the Protestant oligarchy in the process.

In all of this it must not be overlooked that Trotter actually walked through Ireland on a journey of some three “pedestrian” thousand miles at his own estimate. In one place, indeed, he mentions the fact that the inquiring cottagers with whom he often lodged used to ask him was he a gentleman’s servant on the supposition that no real gentleman would every contemplate proceeding from town to town in this ignoble and foot-sore fashion. (Pedestrian is a favourite word of his — as is the phrase “drop into the grave” and some other overworked locutions connected with scenery and female charms as viewed in a drawing-room perspective.) There is a good deal of pychology insight in Trotter’s account of ordinary Irish people and less in his account of grandees. At one point, in the course of his sojourn in the South-East counties he throws up an allusion to “the Irish cringe” [p.136] which he holds to be conspicuous for its absence in the Wexford barony of Forth. It is curious to meet the expression such a comparatively early writing: it sounds like the coinage of a much later nationalist period. It is this locality that brings up his favourite quotation from Goldsmith: “But a bold peasantry, their country’s pride, / When once destroyed, can never be supplied” - and his sense of the Irish countrymen and women as handsome, talented, invincible, industrious, martial, long-suffering, generous, cheerful and sheer survivors in conditions of extreme social adversity is paramount in his estimation of their character.

In general, Trotter’s Irish tour is the remarkable record of an independent and highly perceptive experiment in social observation with a good deal of thoughtful analysis of causes and effects of historical events and human interventions — past, present and perhaps future. His Walks invites inevitable comparison with the statistically-minded work by Arthur Young [q.v.] in his Tour of Ireland (1780), which practically became the economic handbook of the Patriotic Party in the brief era of Legislative Independence. What stands between them, of course, is the 1798 Rebellion and the Act of Union — yet, while Trotter’s manner of writing is largely eighteenth-century in style, his matter is brutally attuned to the nineteenth-century realities of Irish life especially as regards the “surging population” which would sink beneath the hideous weight of rotten tubers. Prefixed to the “walks” is a biographical sketch by his friend and recipient of the letters Rev. William Lilliard who underscores the promise of his beginnings and destitution of his last days in a Cork midden called Hammond’s Marsh, and any new edition should undoubtedly include this prefatory writing. [BS 02.03.2024.])

Patrick Quinn — Irish Harper

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Works

Monographs (memoir & topography)

Memoirs of the Latter Years of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox. [1811; Third edition] (London: R. Phillips 1811), , xxxix + 152pp., 8o.; Do. [3rd edn.] (London: Richard Phillips printed by George Sidney, Northnmberland [sic] Street, Strand., 1811), xxxix, 152pp., 22 cm; Do. [Third edition] Phillips; Sherwood, Neely and Jones 1811); Do. (Philadelphia: Samuel R. Fisher, Jun.; 30 South Fourth-street. A. Fagan, Printer 1812), xxi, 335 [1]pp. [Nat Lib. of Scot. lists edn. of 1811 with postscript].
Walks through Ireland in the Years 1812, 1814, and 1817: Described in a Series of Letters to an English Gentleman (London: Sir R. Phillips and Co. 1819), xxxvi [Memoir of the author: p.[v]-xxxvi], 599pp. 23 cm. [see details]; and Do. [facs. rep.] (Scholar Select [2015]), xxxvi, 599pp., 24 cm.

Political pamphs.

An Investigation of the Legality and Validity of a Union. By John Bernard Trotter, Esq. Student of the Middle Temple (Dublin: printed by H. Fitzpatrick, No. 2, Upper Ormond-Quay, 1799.
Address to the County of Down on the propriety of addressing his majesty on the late convention in Portugal (Dublin [q.publ.] 1808)
A letter to Lord Viscount Southwell; containing remarks on vesting in His Majesty the nomination of Catholic bishops, by J. B. Trotter, Esq. Late Private Secretary to the Right Hon. Charles James Fox (Dublin: printed by H. Fitzpatrick 1808), 36pp., 20cm. [8o].
Five Letters to Sir W. C. Smith, ... on Catholic Relief, the affairs of Ireland, and the conduct of the new Parliament (Dublin: C. Crookes 1813), 46pp., 22 cm; and Do. [...]. To which are added a sixth letter, with notes on the former. [The third edition] (Dublin: C. Crookes 1813), 66pp., 8º.
A Few Thoughts on the New Era and Veto in Ireland (Dublin: James Byrn 1812), 41pp. (8o.)
A Letter to Lord Grenville: controverting His Lordship's propositions on the veto: and urging the impolicy and impracticability of demanding its surrender from the Catholic hierarchy. By J.B. Trotter, Esq. author of A letter to Lord Southwell, &c. &c. (Dublin: Printed by H. Fitzpatrick ... 1810) [q.pp.]

Poetry

Leipsick, or, Germany Restored: A Poem (Dublin: Printed by C. Crookes 1813), 44pp., 22c.m

Fiction

Stories for Calumniators; Interspersed with Remarks on the Disadvantages, Misfortunes, and Habits of the Irish ... &c., 2 vols. (Dublin: printed by H. Fitzpatrick 1809), Vol. 1: 265pp. [i.e. 269]; Vol. 2: [4], 323 [1]pp. 16.9cm.

Journalism

The Political Guardian, conducted by J. B. Trotter, No. 1 (Dublin: King 1810), 8o. [all published].

Related texts

[James Sharp,] A Few Remarks, addressed to John Bernard Trotter, Esq. on the scandalous attack made upon the character of the Right Hon. William Pitt, in his Memoirs of the latter years of the Right Hon. Charles James Fox: to which are added, strictures on the general tendency of the work, a refutation of the author's comparative estimate of those two statesmen, and his correspondence with the physicians on the administering of digitalis, &c. &c. (London: Printed for the author, and sold by Hamilton 1812), 48pp., 22cm.
Walter Savage Landor, Commentary on memoirs of Mr. Fox, lately written by J. B. Trotter (London: Printed for the author by T. Davison, Lombard Street, Fleet Street; and sold by J. Murray, Fleet Street, 1812); and Do. [rep. edn.], ed. by S. Wheeler (London: John Murray 1907), xxv, 255pp. [Wheeler edited Corr. of WSL].
Sentiments Relative to the Arrest of J. B. Trotter and family in Co. Wexford (Dublin [q.pub.] 1812) [TCD Lib.]

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Bibliographical details
Walks Through Ireland, in ... 1812, 1814, and 1817; Described in a Series of Letters to an English Gentleman, with Biographical Memoirs of J. B. Trotter, Private Secretary to the Late C. J. Fox (London: Sir Richard Phillips & Co.; sold by John Cumming, Dublin 1819), pp. vi-xxxvi [Memoir], 599pp. + 8pp. adverts. 8o. [T.p. epigraph from Tacitus: “Non hic mihi primus, erga popalum Romamum fidei et constanties dies:— ex quo à deus Augusto civitate donitus sum amicos inimicosque ex vestris utilitatibus delegi; neque odio patriae (quippe proditores, etiam iis quos aantiponunt invisirunt) verum, quia Romanus, Germanis que idem conducere: et pacem quam bellum probabem.— Tacit.”]

Sections	Letters
FIRST WALK: TO BAG AND BUN, THE LANDING-PLACE OF THE ENGLISH IN 1169, IN THE COUNTY OF WEXFORD, IN 1812.	1-21
SECOND WALK: TO DANGAN-CASTLE; AND THE BOYNE, IN THE COUNTRY OF MEATH, IN 1814.	1
THIRD WALK: THROUGH MUNSTER AND CONNAUGHT, IN 1817	1-18
[ For .pdf copy of original downloaded from Internet Archive - click here. ]

Walks through Ireland in the years 1812,1814, and 1817, described in a series of letters to an English gentleman, John Bernard Trotter Published: 1819, Sir R. Phillips and Co. (London) Statement: By John Bernard Trotter. Pagination: xxxvi, 599pp. Subject: Trotter, John Bernard, — 1775-1818 Ireland — Description and travel — 1801-1900 Internet Archive Bibliographical Record	C L A R E L I B
[ Copy held in NY Public Library ]

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Criticism
Jim Shanahan, ‘Tales of the Time: Early Fictions of the 1798 Rebellion’, in Irish University Review, 41:1 [Irish Fiction, 1660-1830] (Spring/Summer 2011), pp.151-68.

See Frank Callery, ‘Dublin Harp Society (July 1809-Dec. 1812)’, in A History of Blindness in Irish Society (forthcoming in 2015) — supplied by the author — 16.03.2015 [ attached].

Commentary

Biographical sketch: ‘His first public essay, as a writer, was a pamphlet on the subject, which he immediately sent to Mr. Fox. His opinion of it was characteristic. ‘You have put your objection to the Union [...] on right grounds; but whether there is a spirit in Ireland to act up to your principles is another quesdon. I do not know whether you have ever heard, that it is a common observation, that Irish orators are generally too figurative in their language for the English taste; perhaps I think part of your pamphlet no exception to this observation; but this is a fault, if it be a fault, easily emended. — It was a fault, which, unfortunately, he never corrected.’

See account of the Dublin Harp Society in Frank Callery, A History of Blindness in Irish Society (forththcoming in 2015)- as attached.

James Hardiman: Hardiman cites Trotter’s Walks ThroughIreland in claiming of Edmund Spenser that his ‘name is still remembered in the vicinity of Kilcolman, but the people entertain no sentiments of respect or affection for his memory’. (Hardiman, Irish Minstrelsy, or Bardic Remains of Ireland (1831, op. cit., p.321; see further, under Spenser, q.v. — as attached.)

Mr. E. R. Mc. C. Dix, “John Bernard Trotter”, in Irish Book Lover (Nov. 1909): ‘This eccentric individual and clever writer was born in the County Down in 1775, and educated at the grammar-school in Downpatrick, whence he proceeded to T.C.D., where he graduated in 1795. Intended for the bar, he early turned his attention to literature, and his first anti-union pamphlet brought him to the notice of Fox, who appointed him his private secretary, in which capacity he accompanied him to France. Trotter’s admiration of Fox, developed into hero worship — and it is stated that the great statesman and orator breathed his last in the arms of his faithful secretary. / Living in such an atmosphere, and with his brother E. S. Ruthven, afterwards a colleague of O’Connell, it can be well believed that Trotter flung himself with ardour into the historic election of 1805 when Castlereagh was driven from Down. Thenceforth, Trotter led a chequered existence, at one time riding in a coach and four, at another pursued by duns; now dispensing profuse hospitality, to all and sundry, anon an inmate of a debtor’s prison. He evinced great interest in the revival of the harp, establishing a Harp Society in Dublin. His later years were passed in poverty, and his misfortunes evidentally tended to unbalance his mind. He died in unspeakable destitution in Cork in 1818, tended by his young wife and a boy whom he had reared and educated from poverty. Trotter plied a busy pen. In addition to the following bibliography, for which I am indebted to Mr. E. J. Byard of the British Museum, I am inclined to attribute to him Circumstantial details of the Long Illness and Last Moments of Charles James Fox (2nd edn. London 1806, 8°., 79pp.) Whilst the biography prefixed to his posthumous and best known work, Walks Through Ireland, mentions as either written or edited by him Historical Register (Lewis, Angelsea St., Dublin, c.1806), �Margaret of Waldemar�, a poem entitled �The Battle of Leipsic�; �The Rhine or Warrior Kings� in 24 books, and Cork Historical Register, but of these I can find no existing copies.’ (IBL, III: 4, Nov. 1909, p.41.)

Bibliography [IBL]: 1. An Investigation of the Legality and Validity of a Union (Dublin 1799), 8o. 2. Stories for Calumniators; Interspersed with Remarks on the Disadvantages, Misfortunes, and Habits of the Irish ... &c., 2 vols. (Dublin 1809), 12o. 3. The Political Guardian, conducted by J. B. Trotter, No. 1 [all published] (King, Dublin 1810), 8o. 4. Memoirs of the Latter Years of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox. Third edition, xxxix+152pp. R. Phillips (London 1811), 8o. 5. Five Letters to Sir W. C. Smith ... Catholic Relief, the affairs of Ireland, and the conduct of the new Parliament. To which are added a sixth letter, with notes on the former . The third edition. 66pp. (Dublin: C. Crookes 1813), 8o. 6. Walks Through Ireland, in ... 1812, 1814, and 1817; Described in a Series of Letters to an English Gentleman, with Biographical Memoirs of J. B. Trotter (London 1819), 8o. [End].

Rolf Loeber & Magda Loeber, with Anne Mullin Burnham, A Guide to Irish Fiction, 1650-1900 (Dublin: Four Courts Press 2006), briefly cite his complaint that ‘b]ooks in Irish are not to be had’ in 1812. (Walks through Ireland in ... 1812, 1814 and 1817, London 1819; p.46; Loeber & Loeber, op. cit., p.lv.)

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Quotations

Walks Through Ireland [...] Preface [by Trotter]: ‘The following Letters were commenced, and the pedestrian Tours pursued, under the idea of subsequently forming an historical work on Ireland. This object has been impeded and retarded by unexpected obstacles, and the fruits of considerable observation on that country are now submitted, with great diffidence, to the public, in Letters, partly penned on the spot, and partly extracted from notes. The situation of Ireland is highly interesting. That her misery is great, and that no adequate remedy appears to have been applied, cannot be denied by impartial men. The body of her people can scarcely procure the conveniences and necessaries of life, the country seems retrograde rather than progressive. Improvident legislative provisions have turned dearth to famine; — pestilence has followed. Political injustice keeps alive the fever of the mind. / The Author submits his Letters to the judgtnent of the Public, hoping that a just consideration of his motives may lead men to excuse the defective nature of his performance.’ [End.]

Irish history (Walks Through Ireland, 1819): ‘There is little or no trade of an export nature now at Ross, and the place seems to have suffered from the war. The inhabitants are very respectable, and live together in harmony. The proportion of Catholics here, is estimated at about eight to one. This may be taken as the average of the whole county, and not less, I believe, of Wicklow. Time, you see, my dear L., has swept away, in his vast tide, millions of human beings since the arrival of the English in this neighbour-[54]hood, and yet they have made little impression on the language, religion, or mind of the country. Princes, lord-deputies, and armies, have laboured to change them, but fruitlessly. The vital stock, as if vivifying more the more it was pruned and lopped, now shoots forth its vast foliage over the land; and all the short-sighted schemes of the busy ministers of the day have ended in disappointment. What a lesson to man on pride and ambition! What a rich subject for contemplation, and for the historical student seeking truth, does this astonishing island afford! The method adopted for making it a valuable and contented member of a great empire, in whose bosom were the seeds of vast glory and an imperishable name, was wrong; persecution was used against a spirited, valiant, and feeling people. Some deputies sought fortune; others military credit; — but each had his temporary plan, and too often a narrow and bad one! The mighty surges of a nation’s suffering roared round them to no purpose. Prejudice, or mercenary views, shut their ears, and steeled their hearts. They took every account from their creatures; from men prejudiced, or wishing to deceive them. In England the truth was never known. Her ordinary and prescribed channel for information seldom or ever conveyed it. Deputies would not censure their own plans, or ministers readily attach blame to men employed and instructed by [55] themselves. No wise method has adopted to take the people out of the hands of those petty kings, who had so long before the English name was heard of, tyrannized over, and barbarized their miserable vassals. The impolitic and unjust distinction of English and Irish was kept up, in an odious and painful manner. The statutes of Kilkenny, in the Duke of Clarence’s time, treat the Irish as proscribed savages. The scheme of plantations, which has been entertained by every monarch and minister down to Charles II denotes the most crude and wretched policy. A nation brave and military, as the Irish naturally are — hardy and intellectual — not like the feeble Asiatics, or brutalized Africans, can never be persecuted into submission. They may be exterminated (though that has been seen to be difficult), but cannot be made slaves, by all the efforts of power or art. Religion, language, manners, a common country — common suffering — keep them blended and united. They bleed, but are not exhausted. From necessity they become artful and insincere. The original settlers from the mother-country, from long residence, become incorporated with them, and increase their strength. The greatness of the population in so small a space as Ireland, gives it an extraordinary energy, which, polypus like, seems uninjured by partial cutting, and defies all attempts to chain and enervate it. The first [56] English, and their successors, were doubtless brave, generous, and humane; but having fallen into a bad system, they became unwilling, unable, or ashamed to alter it. It is well known that neither kings nor ministers like advice. They weakly construe it into reprimand or assumed superiority of mind, and repel those who could assist them best, — that is, honest men telling plain truth, according to the dictates of enlightened minds. / It is perfectly awful and astonishing to read the History of Ireland, and observe the continued series of error and crime which have been pursued by various ministers, in distant times, towards that island. [...] (pp.54-56; see longer extracts — as attached.) [Trotter goes on to instance the case of Rollo of Normandy as a conquering king who took the best of local laws and improved them, winning respect and homage from the people which lasted generations.]

Fever fit: ‘In one part of the ruins, where a fine arched side-aisle was still very perfect, my guide showed some terror: I soon learned from him the cause. A person ill of fever had been left there the day before, lest he should communicate the infection to the family where he lodged. — He was left to expire! His hollow voice plaintively implored some drink; I assured him he should have it, and be taken care of, and hope revived at the moment life was ebbing fast away. In another part of this monastery I saw a hat of a departed victim of fever exposed some time ago, and at our inn I heard the following story: An American gentleman, totally a stranger, well clad and of pleasing appearance, came a few months ago to Kilmallock. He went to no inn, but wandered about the ruins, till at last entering them he was observed no more, and perhaps forgotten! He was ill, and fever burned in his veins; but where can a pennyless and forlorn wanderer turn in a country where he is without friends or money? — It happened a gentleman was ill at the inn, and required the attendance of a person to sit up every night. The inn-keeper’s son performed this humane office frequently; and very early one morning, as the stars were fading at the approach of twilight, he walked out to the monastery to refresh himself with the morning air; he heard a murmuring noise as of some human being. It was two or three days after the American gentleman’s disappearance. He recollected this, and advanced — but can I go on? — Extended on his back in a recess of a ruined aisle, the unfortunate stranger lay speechless and expiring one hand clenched the mouldering wall, the other his hat. The young man, terrified and shocked, ran for assistance. On his return this victim of misfortune was no more! — Fever had arrested his steps.’ (Quoted in Thomas Crofton Croker, Researches in the South of Ireland, London: 1824, p.68, n.; presum. taken from Walks Through Ireland, 1819.)

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References

Stephen Brown, Ireland in Fiction (Dublin: Maunsel 1919), lists Stories for Calumniators, 2 vols. (Dublin: Fitzpatrick 1809), ‘interpersed with remarks on the disadvantages, misfortunes, and habits of the Irish’, ded. Lord Holland; called remarkable by Brown; three stories, based on fact, recounting sad aftermath of Rebellion, and consequences if those in authority listen to slander ... told to Mr. Fitzpatrick by persons related to the victims; his remarks interspersed; considered friendly towards Catholics; favours Irish language and land reform, also higher education of women.

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Notes
Kith & Kin: Trotter’s eldest brother Southwell became MP for Downpatrick; his younger brother William Ruthven Trotter joined the Army and died with the rank of Major in Major of His Majesty’s Eighty Third Regiment of Foot at the battle of Buenos Aires (1808); his sister Mary drew the portrait of Patrick Quin which appeared on the program of the National Harp Society.

Rev William Liddiard, who was the recipient of the letters in Walks Through Ireland (1819) was probably the author of the biographical memoirs in it and the publisher. He was married to Anna Liddiard, née Wilkinson, of Corballis Hse., Co. Meath (see RIA Dictionary of Irish Biography, RA 2009 — online). Liddiard was Wiltshire-born but held a living as rector of Culmullen in Co. Meath during 1807-10 and later at Knockmark, 1810-31. He was formerly an Army officer. Anna wrote romantic literature in the spirit of Grattan’s Parliament incl. The sgelaighe; or, A tale of old (1811), taken from an old Irish manuscript; Kenilworth and Farley Castle (1813), addressed to the “ladies of Llangollen”, and Theodore and Laura (1816), a tale in verse based on the Battle of Waterloo.

Trotters: CAPT. LIONEL TROTTER served [in the army] through the Indian Mutiny, retired in 1862, and died dies at Oxford on 6th May, aged 85 (Irish Book Lover, Vol. 3:11, June 1912, p.190.) BERNARD FREEMAN TROTTER (June 16, 1890 — May 7, 1917), was a Canadian poet who died young in World War I (1890-1917).

Patrick Bernard Trotter, author of Maximising organ donation and transplantation through the use of organs from increased risk donors (Cambridge UP 2019)

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