‘[…T]he expansion of the state tends to stimulate group conflicts about which norms and practices should form the official culture of the nation, and about the allocation of resources. … the new state, by defining nationality increasingly in terms of an allegiance to sets of routinised practices rather than as a living faith that inspires individuals in all that they do, fails to realise the initial revivalist dreams of inner transformation. The heroic impulse has been subordinated to the task of constructing a stable order of citizens.’ (Quoted in John Harrington, The Irish Beckett, Syracuse 1991, [p.74].)
‘Cultural nationalism regularly crystallizes in the form of scholarly and cultural societies and journals as a movement of moral regeneration in times of social conflict and heightened tension against the state.‘ (Ibid., p.198; quoted in Fionntán de Brun, in ‘Temporality and Revivalism’ [UU Research Series, April 2011].)