Parodies of Irish Mythological Writing in James Joyce and Flann O’Brien

James Joyce, Ulysses (1922) - “Cyclops” [chap.]

[In this celebrated parody of Irish mythological writing - or, more precisely, English translations of those writings by Anglo-Irish writers of the Victorian period - James Joyce portrays Michael Cusack, the founder of the Gaelic Athletic Association, as an “ancient Irish hero” in comic emulation of the cultural pretensions of the Irish nationalist of the period. He was not a supporter of the Irish language revival movement and once wrote that, were it not for the language policy, he could call himself a Sinn Féiner.]

 

The figure seated on a large boulder at the foot of a round tower was that of a broadshouldered deepchested stronglimbed frankeyed redhaired freely freckled shaggybearded wide-mouthed largenosed longheaded deepvoiced barekneed brawnyhanded hairylegged ruddyfaced sinewyarmed hero. From shoulder to shoulder he measured several ells and his rocklike mountainous knees were covered, as was likewise the rest of his body wherever visible, with a strong growth of tawny prickly hair in hue and toughness similar to the mountain gorse ( Ulex Europeus ). The widewinged nostrils, from which bristles of the same tawny hue projected, were of such capaciousness that within their cavernous obscurity the field-lark might easily have lodged her nest. The eyes in which a tear and a smile strove ever for the mastery were of the dimensions of a goodsized cauliflower. A powerful current of warm breath issued at regular intervals from the profound cavity of his mouth while in rhythmic resonance the loud strong hale reverberations of his formidable heart thundered rumblingly causing the ground, the summit of the lofty tower and the still loftier walls of the cave to vibrate and tremble.

He wore a long unsleeved garment of recently flayed oxhide reaching to the knees in a loose kilt and this was bound about his middle by a girdle of plaited straw and rushes. Beneath this he wore trews of deerskin, roughly stitched with gut. His nether extremities were encased in high Balbriggan buskins dyed in lichen purple, the feet being shod with brogues of salted cowhide laced with the windpipe of the same beast. From his girdle hung a row of seastones which dangled at every movement of his portentous frame and on these were graven with rude yet striking art the tribal images of many Irish heroes and heroines of antiquity, Cuchulin, Conn of hundred [382] battles, Niall of nine hostages, Brian of Kincora, the Ardri Malachi, Art MacMurragh, Shane O’Neill, Father John Murphy, Owen Roe, Patrick Sarsfield, Red Hugh O’Donnell, Red Jim MacDermott, Soggarth Eoghan O’Growney, Michael Dwyer, Francy Higgins, Henry Joy M’Cracken, Goliath, Horace Wheatley, Thomas Conneff, Peg Woffington, the Village Blacksmith, Captain Moonlight, Captain Boycott, Dante Alighieri, Christopher Columbus, S. Fursa, S. Brendan, Marshal Mac-Mahon, Charlemagne, Theobald Wolfe Tone, the Mother of the Maccabees, the Last of the Mohicans, the Rose of Castille, the Man for Galway, The Man that Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo, The Man in the Gap, The Woman Who Didn’t, Benjamin Franklin, Napoleon Bonaparte, John L. Sullivan, Cleopatra, Savourneen Deelish, Julius Caesar, Paracelsus, sir Thomas Lipton, William Tell, Michelangelo, Hayes, Muhammad, the Bride of Lammermoor, [...]


[ Compare the following somewhat later parody, described by the narrator as 'an extract from my typescript descriptive of Finn Mac Cool and his people, being a humorous or quasi-humorous incursion into ancient mythology’. (p.9.).
In this case, the legendary Irish hero Finn MacCool has been dragged into a modern novel where he consorts with a collection of likewise “borrowed” characters and stereotypes from moralistic (Catholic) fiction, American cowboy novels, literary bildungromans - a la Stephen Dedalus - and the Irish realist novel pioneered by James Joyce
. ]

Flann O’Brien, At Swim-Two-Birds (1939; Penguin edn. 1997)

Finn MacCool was a legendary hero of old Ireland. Though not mentally robust, he was a man of superb physique and development. Each of his thighs was as thick as a horse’s belly, narrowing to a calf as thick as the belly of a foal. Three fifties of fosterlings could engage with handball against the wideness of his backside, which was wide enough to halt the march of warriors through a mountain pass.’ (p.9.)

'The neck was to him as the bole of a great oak, knotted [...] together with muscle lumps and carbuncles of tangled sinew [...] The chest to him was wider than the poles of a good chariot, coming now out, now in, an pastured from chin to navel with meadows of black man-hair and meated with layers of fine man-meat to hid his bones and fashion the semblance of twin bubs.’ (Ibid., p.14).


[ back ] [ Index ] [ top ]

ENG105C1A: University of Ulster