MARY, MARY

BY JAMES STEPHENS
INTRODUCTION BY PADRAIC COLUM

INTRODUCTION
If any of James Stephens’ books might be thought to have need of an Introduction it would be the delightful story that is called “Mary, Mary” on one side of the Atlantic Ocean and “The Charwoman’s Daughter” on the other. It was written in 1910, when the author was known as the poet of “Insurrections” and the writer of a few of the mordant studies that belong to a later book, “Here Are Ladies. “

In 1911 four people came together to establish “The Irish Review.” They were David Houston, Thomas MacDonagh, James Stephens and the present writer. James Stephens mentioned that he could hand over some stuff for publication. The “stuff” was the book in hand. It came out as a serial in the second number with the title “Mary, A Story,” ran for a twelvemonth and did much to make the fortune (if a review that perished after a career of four years ever had its fortune made) of “The Irish Review.”

From the publication of its first chapters the appeal of “Mary” was felt in two or three countries. Mary Makebelieve was not just a fictional heroine - she was Cinderella and Snow-white and all the maidens of tradition for whom the name of heroine is big and burthensome. With the first words of the story James Stephens put us into the attitude of listeners to the household tale of folk-lore. “Mary, Mary” is the simplest of stories: a girl sees this and that, meets a Great Creature who makes advances to her, is humiliated, finds a young champion and comes into her fortune - that is all there is to it as a story. But is it not enough to go with Mary to Stephens’ Green and watch the young ducks “pick up nothing with the greatest eagerness and swallow it with the greatest delight,” and after that to notice that the ring priced One Hundred Pounds has been taken from the Jewellers’ window, and then stand outside the theatre with her and her mother and make up with them the story of the plays from the pictures on the posters? - plays of mystery and imagination they must have surely been.

Then, of course, there is always Mary’s mother; and Mrs. Makebelieve, with her beaked nose, and her eyes like pools of ink, and her eagle-flights of speech would give a backbone to any story. Mrs. Makebelieve has and holds all the privileges of the poor and the lonely. Moreover, she is the eternal Charwoman. “She could not remain for any length of time in peoples’ employment without being troubled by the fact that these folk had houses of their own and were actually employing her in a menial capacity.” Mrs. Makebelieve is, I think, a typical figure. She is the incarnation of the pride and liveliness and imaginative exuberance that permit the poor to live.

How poor are Mary and Mrs. Makebelieve? We know their lack by the measure of their desire. Mrs. Makebelieve, always generous, would have paid her servants Ten Shillings per Week each, and their Board. And we know that she had often observed desolate people dragging themselves through the streets, standing to glare through the windows of bakeries and confectioners’ shops, with little children in some of their arms, and that thinking of such things every morsel she ate would have choked her were it not for her own hunger. By our being brought to desire what Mary and her mother desired we come to know the things they lacked.

Yes, poverty was the state in which Mary and Mrs. Makebelieve existed, but freedom was the other side of that poverty. They had not to set the bounds of realization upon their wishes. They were not shut off, as too many of us are, from the adventure and the enchantment that are in things. A broken mirror upon the wall of a bare room! It is, after all, that wonder of wonders, a thing. But one cannot convey to those who have not known the wonder, how wonderful a mere thing is! A child who has watched and watched the face of a grandfather’s clock, stopped before he was born, feels this wonder. To grown folk and to those who have many possessions the things they own are lumber, some more convenient, some more decorative than others. But to those who have few possessions things are familiars and have an intimate history. Hence it is only the poor or only unspoiled children that have the full freedom of things - who can enter into their adventure and their enchantment. Mary and her mother have this franchise. And for this reason also “Mary, Mary” has an inner resemblance to a folk-tale. For the folk-tale, shaped as it has been by the poor and by unspoiled people, reveals always the adventure and the enchantment of things. An old lamp may be Aladdin’s. A comb might kill a false queen. A key may open the door of a secret chamber. A dish may be the supreme possession of a King. The sense of the uniqueness of things - the sense that the teller of the folk-tale has always, and that such a poet of the poor as Burns has often, is in “Mary, Mary.” And there is in it too the zest that the hungry - not the starved but the hungry - have for life. James Stephens says of the young man who became Mary’s champion, “His ally and stay was hunger, and there is no better ally for any man: that satisfied and the game is up; for hunger is life, ambition, good will and understanding, while fulness is all those negatives which culminate in greediness, stupidity, and decay.”

The scene of the story is that grey-colored, friendly capital - Dublin. It is not the tortuous, inimical, Aristotlian-minded Dublin of James Joyce’s “Portrait of the Artist” - it is the Dublin of the simple-hearted Dubliner: Dublin with its great grey clouds and its poising sea-birds, with its hills and its bay, with its streets that everyone would avoid and with its other streets that everyone promenades; with its greens and its park and its river-walks - Dublin, always friendly. It is true that there are in it those who, as the Policeman told Mary, are born by stealth, eat by subterfuge, drink by dodges, get married by antics, and slide into death by strange, subterranean passages. Well, even these would be kindly and humorous the reader of “Mary, Mary” knows. James Stephens has made Dublin a place where the heart likes to dwell.

And would to God that I to-day Saw sunlight on the Hill of Howth, And sunlight on the Golden Spears, And sunlight out on Dublin Bay.

So one who has known Dublin might well exclaim on reading “Mary, Mary” east or west of Eirinn.

James Stephens brought a fresh and distinctive element into the new Irish literature - an imaginative exuberance that in its rush of expression became extravagant, witty, picturesque and lovely. His work began to appear about 1906. Like the rest of the young Irish writers he made his appearance in the weekly journal “Sinn Fein,” contributing to it his first poems and his mordant or extravagant essays and stories. At once he made a public for himself. His first poems were published in a volume called “Insurrections” and his public became a wide one. “Mary, Mary” brought out in 1912 was his first prose book. His next, the unclassifiable “Crock of Gold,” was given the De Polignac Prize in 1914. Since then he has published two other prose books - “Here Are Ladies” and “The Demi-Gods,” with three books of verse, “The Hill of Vision,” “Songs from the Clay,” and “The Rocky Road to Dublin. “

“Insurrections,” written just before “Mary, Mary,” has vivid revelations of personality. “I saw God - do you doubt it?” says Tomas an Buile in the “pub. “ -

I saw God. Do you doubt it? Do you dare to doubt it? I saw the Almighty Man. His hand Was resting on a mountain, and He looked upon the World and all about it: I saw Him plainer than you see me now, You mustn’t doubt it. He was not satisfied; His look was all dissatisfied. His beard swung on a wind far out of sight Behind the world’s curve, and there was light Most fearful from His forehead, and He sighed, “That star went always wrong, and from the start I was dissatisfied.” He lifted up His hand - I say He heaved a dreadful hand Over the spinning Earth, then I said “Stay, You must not strike it, God; I’m in the way; And I will never move from where I stand.” He said, “Dear child, I feared that you were dead,” And stayed His hand.

His God is never a lonely God - he has need of humanity, and the quick champion of humanity springs straight into the love of God. Such is the intuition that is in all James Stephens’ books.

He is the only author I have ever known whose talk is like his books. The prodigality of humour, intuition and searching thought that he puts into his pages he also puts into what he says. And he is the only man I ever met who can sing his stories as well as tell them. Like the rest of the Irish writers of to-day, what he writes has a sense of spiritual equality as amongst all men and women - a sense of a democracy that is inherent in the world.