James MacGeoghegan [1758-63] & John Mitchel [1868], The National History of Ireland (NY: D & J. Sadleir & Co. 1869)

National History of Ireland (NY: D. & J. Sadlier [1869])

CHAPTER I: FROM THE TREATY OF LIMERICK TO THE END OF 1691
Treaty of Limerick — Violated or not? — Arguments of Macaulay — Doctor Dopping, Binhop of Meath — No faith to be kept with Papists — First act in violation of the treaty — Situation of the Catholics — Charge against Sarsfield . . . [1]

CHAPTER II: 1692-1693
William III. not bigoted — Practical toleration for four years — First Parliament in this reign — Catholics excluded by a resolution — Extinction of civil existence for Catholics — Irish Protestant Nationality — Massacre of Glencoe — Battle of Steinkirk — Court of St. Germains — “Declaration” — Battle of Landen, and death of Sarsfield . . . [7]

CHAPTER III: 1693-1698
Capel Lord-Lieutenant — War in the Netherlands — Capture of Namur — Grievances of the Protestant Colonisfo — Act for disarming Papists — Laws against education — Against priests — Against intermarrying with Papists — Act to “confirm” Articles of Limerick — Irish on the Continent . . . [13]

CHAPTER IV: 1698-1702
Predominance of the English Parliament — Molyneux — Decisive action of the English Parliament — Court and country parties — Suppression of woolen manufacture — Commission of confiscated estates — Its revelations — Vexation of King William — Peace of Ryswick — Act for establishing the Protestant succession — Death of William . . . [17]

CHAPTER VI: 1702-1704
Queen Anne — Rochester Lord-Lieutenant — Ormond Lord-Lieutenant — War on the Continent — Successes under Marlborough — Second formal breach of the Treaty of Limerick — Bill to prevent the further growth of Popery — Clause against the Dissenters — Catholic lawyers heard against the bill — Pleading of Sir Toby Butler — Bill passed — Object of the Penal laws — To get hold of the property of Catholics — Recall of the Edict of Nantes — Irish on the Continent — Cremona . . . [22]

CHAPTER VI: 1704-1714
Enforcement of the Penal Laws — Making informers honorable — Pembroke Lord-Lieutenant — Union of England and Scotland — Means by which it was carried — Irish House of Lords in favor of an Union — Laws against meeting at Holy Wells — Catholics excluded from Juries — Wharton Lord-Lieutenant — Second act to prevent growth of Popery — Rewards for “discoverers” — Jonathan Swift — Nature of his Irish Patriotism — Papists the “common enemy” — The Dissenters — Colony of the Palatines — Disasters of the French, and Peace of Utrecht — The “Pretender” . . . [34]

CHAPTER VII: 1714-1723
George I — James III — Perils of Dean Swift — Tories dismissed — Ormond, Oxford, and Boling^ broke impeached — Insurrection in Scotland — Calm in Ireland — Arrests — Irish Parliament — “Loyalty’ of the Catholics — ‘No Catholics exist in Ireland” — Priest-catchers — Bolton Lord-Lieutenant — Cause of Sherlock and Annesley — Conflict of jurisdiction — Declaratory act establishing dependence of the Irish Parliament — Swift’s pamphlet — State of the country — Grafton Lord-Lieutenant — Courage of the priests- Atrocious Bill . . . [41]

CHAPTER VIII: 1723-1727
Swift and Wood’s Copper — Drapier’s Letters — Claim of Independence — Primate Boulter — Swift popular with the Catholics- -His feeling towards Catholics — Desolation of the Country — Rack-rents — Absenteeism — Great Distress — Swift’s modest proposal — Death of George I . . . [49]

CHAPTER IX: 1727-1741
Lord Carteret Lord-Lieutenant — Primate Boulter ruler of Ireland — His policy — Catholic Address — Not noticed — Papists deprived of elective franchise — Insolence of the “Ascendancy” — Famine — Emigration — Dorset Lord-Lieutenant — Agitation of Dissenters — Sacramental Test — Swift’s virulence against the Dissenters — Boulter’s policy to extirpate Papists — Rage against the Catholics — Debates on money bills — “Patriot Party” — Duke of Devonshire Lord-Lieutenant — Corruption — Another famine — Berkeley — English commercial policy in Ireland . . . [64]

CHAPTER X: 1741-1745
War on the Continent — Doctor Lucas — Primate Stone — ^Battle of Dettingen — Lally — Fontenoy — The Irish Brigade . . . [61]

CHAPTER XI: 1745-1753
Alarm in England — Expedition of Prince Charles Edward — “A Message of Peace to Ireland” — Viceroyalty of Chesterfield — Temporary toleration of the Catholics — Berkeley — The Scottish Insurrection — Culloden — “Loyalty of the Irish[”] — Lucas and the Patriots — Debates on the Supplies — Boyle and Maloue- Population of Ireland . . . [68]

CHAPTER XII: 1753-1760
Unpopularity of the Duke of Dorset — Earl of Kildare — His address — Patriots in power -Pension List — Duke of Bedford Lord-Lieutenant — Case of Saul — Catholic meeting in Dublin — Commencement of Catholic agitation — Address of the Catholics received — First recognition of the Catholics as subjects — Lucasian mobs- -Project of Union — Thurot’s expedition — Death of George II. — Population — Distress of the country — Operation of the Penal Laws — The Geoghehans — Catholic Petition — Berkeley’s “Querist” . . . [75]

CHAPTER XIII: 1760 — 1762
George III. — Speech from the Throne — “Toleration” — France and England in India — Lally’s campaign there — State of Ireland — The Revenue — Distress of Trade — Distress in the Country — Oppression of the Farmers — White-Boys — Riots — “A Popish Conspiracy” — Steel-Boys and Oak-Boys — Emigration from Ulster — Halifax, Viceroy — Flood and the Patriots — Extravagance and Corruption — Agitation for Septennial Parliaments . . . [86]

CHAPTER XIV: 1762-1768
Tory Ministry — Failures of the Patriots — Northumberland. Viceroy — Mr. Fitzgerald’s .speech on Pension List — Mr. Perry’s address on same subject — Effort for mitigation of the Penal Laws — Mr. Mason’s argument for allowing Papists to take mortgages — Rejected — Death of Stone and Earl of Shannon — Lord Hartford, Viceroy — Lucas and the Patriots — Their continued failures — Increase of National Debt — Townshend, Viceroy — New system — The “Undertakers” — Septennial bill changed into Octennial — And passed — Joy of the people — Consequences of this measure — Ireland still” standing on her smaller end “ — Newspapers of Dublin —Grattan. . . [[92]

CHAPTER XV: 1762-1767
Reign of Terror in Munster — Murder of Father Sheehy — “Toleration,” under the House of Hanover — Precarious condition of Catholic clergy — Primates. in hiding — Working of the Penal Laws — Testimony of Arthur Young . . . [99]

CHAPTER XVI: 1767-1773
Townshend, Viceroy — Augmentation of the army — Embezzlement — Parliament prorogued — Again prorogued — Townshend buys his majority — Triumph of the “English Interest” — New attempt to bribe the Priests — Townshend’s “Golden Drops” — Bill to allow Papists to reclaim bogs — Townshend recalled — Harcourt, Viceroy — Proposal to tax absentees — Defeated — Degraded condition of the Irish Parliament — American revolution, and new era . . . [107]

CHAPTER XVII: 1774-1777
American affairs — Comparison between Ireland and the Colonies — Contagion of American opinions in Ireland — Paltry measure of relief to Catholics — Congress at Philadelphia — Address of Congress to Ireland — Encouragement to Fisheries — Four thousand “armed negotiators” — Financial distress — First Octennial Parliament dissolved — Grattan — Lord Buckingham, Viceroy — Successes of the Americans . . . [114]

CHAPTER XVIII: 1777-1779
Buckingham, Viceroy — Misery, and Decline of Trade — Discipline of Government Supporters — Lord North’s first measure in favor of Catholics — Passed in England — Opposed in Ireland — What it amounted to — Militia bill — The Volunteers — Defenceless state of the country — Loyalty of the Volunteers — Their uniforms — Volunteers Protestant at first — Catholics desirous to join — Volunteers get the Militia arms — Their aims — Military system — Numbers in 1780 . . . [120]

CHAPTER XIX: 1779-1780.
Free Trade and Free Parliament — Meaning of “Free Trade” — Non-importation agreements — Rage of the English — Grattan’s motion for free trade — Hussey Burgh — Thanks to the Volunteers — Parade in Dublin — Lord North yields — Free Trade act — Next step — Mutiny bill — The 19th of April — Declaration of Right — Defeated in Parliament, but successful in the country — General determination — Organizing — Arming — Reviews — Charlemont — Briberies of Buckingham — Carlisle, Viceroy . . . [128]

CHAPTER XX: 1781-1782
parliament — Thanks to the Volunteers — Habeas Corpus — Trade with Portugal — Grattan’s financial expose — Gardiner’s measure for Catholic relief — Dungannon — The 15th of February, 1782 — Debates on Gardiner’s bill — Grattan’s speech — Details of this measure — Burke’s opinion of it — Address to the King asserting Irish independence — England yields at once — Act repealing the 6th George I. — Repeal of* Poynings’ law — Irish independence . . . [139]

CHAPTER XXI: 1783-1784
Effects of independence — Settlement not final — English plots for the Union — Corruption of Irish Parliament — Enmity of Flood and Grattan — Question between them — Renunciation act — Second Dungannon Convention — Convention of delegates in Dublin — Catholics excluded from all civil rights — Lord Kenmare — Lord Kenmare disavowed — Lord Temple — Knights of St. Patrick — Portland, Viceroy — Judicature bill — Hapeas Corpus — Bank of Ireland — Repeal of Test act — Proceedings of Convention — Flood’s Reform bill — Rejected — Convention dissolved — End of the Volunteers — Militia . . . [153]

CHAPTER XXII: 1784-1786

Improvement of ths country — Political position anomalous — Rutland, Viceroy — Petitions for Parliamentary reform — Flood’s motion — Rejected — Grattan’s bill to regulate the revenue — Protective duties demanded — National Congress — Dissensions as to rights of Catholics — Oharlemont’s intolerance — Orde’s commercial propositions — New propositions of Mr. Pitt — Burke and Sheridan — Commercial propositions defeated - Mr. Conolly — The national debt — General corruption — Court majorities — Patriots defeated — Ireland after five years . . . [168]

CHAPTER XXIII: 1787-1789
Alarms and rumors of disturbances — Got up by Government — Act against illegal combinations — Mr. Grattan on tithes — Failure of bis efforts — Death of Duke of Rutland — Marquis of Buckingham, Viceroy — Independence of Mr. Curran — Mr. Forbes and the Pension list — Failure of his motion — Triumph of corruption — Troubles in Armagh County — “Peep of Day Boys” — “Defenders” — Insanity of the King — The Regency . . . [177]

CHAPTER XXIVI: 1789
Unpopularity of Buckingham — Formation of an Irish character — Efforts of Patriots in Parliament — All in vain — Purchasing votes — Corruption — Whig Club — Lord Clare on Whig Club — Buckingham leaves Ireland — Pension list — Peep of Day Boys and Defenders — Westmoreland, Viceroy — Unavailing efforts against corruption — Material prosperity — King William’s birthday — French revolution . . . [188]

CHAPTER XXVI: 1790-1791
New election — New peers — Sale of peerages — Motion against Police bill —Continual defeats ot patriots — Insolence of the Castle — Progress of French revolution — Horror of Prench principles — Burke — Divisions amongst Irish Catholics — Wolfe Tone — General Committee of Catholics — Tone goes to Belfast — Establishes first United Irish Club — Parliamentary patriots avoid them — Progress of Catholic Committee — Project of a Convention — Troubles in County Armagh . . . [199]

CHAPTER XXVI: 1791-1792
Principles of United Irish Society — Test — Addresses — Meeting of Parliament — Catholic relief — Trifling measure of that kind — Petition of the Catholics — Rejected — Steady majority of two thirds for the Castle — Placeholding members — Violent agitation upon the Catholic claims — Questions put to Catholics Universities of the Continent — Their answers — Opposition to project of Convention — Catholic question in the Whig Club — Catholic Convention in Dublin National Guard . . . [211]

CHAPTER XXVII: 1792-1793.

The Catholic Convention — Reconciliation of differences amongst the Catholics — Their imputation to the King — Successes of the French fortunate for the Catholics — Dumouriez and Jemappes — Gracious reception of the Catholic deputation — Belfast mob draw the carriage of Catholic delegates — Secret Committee of the Lords — Report on Defenders and United Irishmen — Attempt of committee to connect the two — Lord Clare creates “alarm among the better classes” — Proclamation against unlawful assemblies — Lord Edward Fitzgerald — French republic declares war against England — Large measure of Catholic relief immediately proposed — Moved by Secretary Hobart — Act carried — Its provisions — What it yields, and what it withholds — Arms and Gunpowder act — Act against conventions — Lord Clare the real author of British policy in Ireland as now established — Effect and intention of the li Convention act” — No such law in England — Militia bill — Catholic Committee — No reform — Close of session . . . [220]

CHAPTER XXVIII: 1793-1795.

Small results of Catholic Relief bill — Distinctions still kept up — Excitement against the Catholics —Trials of Defenders — Packing Juries — Progress of United Irishism — Opposed by Catholic Bishops — Arrests of Bond and Butler — Prosecution of A. Hamilton Rowan — Last effort for Parliamentary reform — Defeated — United Irish meeting in Dublin dispersed by the police — Rev. William Jackson and Wolfe Tone — Rowan charged with treason — Rowan escapes — Tone allowed to quit the country — Vow of the Cave Hill — Fitzwilliam’s administration — Fitzwilliam deceived by Pitt — Dismissal of Mr. Beresford — Plan of Mr. Pitt — Insurrection first — “Union” afterwards — Fitzwilliam recalled — Great despondency — The “Orangemen” — Beginning of coercion and anarchy 231

CHAPTER XXIX: 1793-1797
“To Hell or Connaught” — “Vigor beyond the Law” — Lord Carhampton’s Vigor — Insurrection Act — Indemnity Act — The latter an invitation to Magistrates to break the law — Mr. Grattan on the Orangemen — His resolution — The Acts Passed — Opposed by Grattan, Parsons, and Lord Edward Fitzgerald — Insurrection Act destroys Liberty of the Press — Suspension of Habeas Corpus — U. I. Society — New Members — Lord E. Fitzgerald — MacNeven — Emmet — Wolfe Tone at Paris — His Journal — Clarke — Carnot — Hoche — Bantry Bay Expedition — Account of, in Tone’s Journal — Fleet Anchors in Bantry Bay — Account of the affair by Secret Committee of the Lords — Government fully Informed of all the Projects . . . [240]

CHAPTER XXX: 1797
Reign of Terror in Armagh County — No Orangemen ever Punished — “Defenders” called Banditti — “Faulkner’s Journal,” Organ of the Castle — Cheers on the Orangemen — Mr. Curran’s Statement of the Havoc in Armagh — Increased Rancor against Catholics and U.I. after the Bantry Bay Affair — Efforts of Patriots to Establish Permanent Armed Force — Opposed by Government — And Why — Proclamation of Counties — Bank Ordered to Suspend Specie Payments — Alarm — Dr. Duigenan — Secession from Parliament of Grattan, Curran, /fee. — General Lake in the North — “Northern Star” — Office Wrecked by Troops — Proclamation — Outrages in the Year 1797 — Salutary Effect of the United Irish System on the Peace of the Country — Armagh Assizes — Slanderous Report of a Secret Committee — Good Effects of United Irishism in the South — Miles Byrne — Wexford County . . . [267]

CHAPTER XXXI: 1797-179
Wolfe Tone’s Negotiations in France and Holland — Lewins — Expedition of Dutch Government Destined for Ireland — Tone at the Texel — His Journal — Tone’s Uneasiness about Admitting Foreign Dominion over Ireland — MacNeven’s Memoir — Discussion as to Proner Point for a Landing — Tone on Board the Vryheid — Adverse Winds -Rage and Impatience of Tone — Disastrous Fate of the Batavian Expedition — Camperdown . . . [268]

CHAPTER XXXII: 1798
Spies — Secret Service Money — Press Prosecution — “Remember Orr!” — Account of Orr — Curran’s Speech — nis Description of Informers — Arts of Government — Sowing Dissensions — Forged Assassination List — “Union” Declines — Addresses of “Loyalty” — Maynooth Grant Enlarged — Catholic Bishops “Loyal” — Forcing a “Premature Explosion” — Camden and Carhampton — Outrages on the People, to Force Insurrection — Testimony of Lord Moira — Inquiry Demanded in Parliament — Repulsed and Defeated by Clare and Castlereagh — Insolence and Unlimited Power of Ministers — General Abercrombie Resigns — Remarkable General Order — Pelham Quits Ireland — Castlereagh’s Secretary — The Hessians’ Free Quarters — The Ancient Britons — Proclamation of Martial Law — Grattan’s Picture of the Times — Horrible Atrocities in Wexford — Massacres — The Orangemen — Their Address of Loyalty — All these Outrages before any Insurrection . . . [277]

CHAPTER XXXIII: 1798
Reynolds, the Informer — Arrests of U. I. Chiefs in Dublin — The Brothers Sheares — Their Efforts to Delay Explosion — Clare and Castlereagh Resolve to Hurry it — Advance of the Military — Half-Hanging — Pitch Caps — Scourging Judkin Fitzgerald — Sir John Moore’s Testimony — His Disgust at the Atrocities — General Napier’s Testimony — Catholic Bishop’s and Peers Profess their “Loyalty” — Armstrong, Informer — Arrest of the Sheares — Arrest and Death of Lord Edward — Mr. Emmet’s Evidence before Secret Committee — Insurrection Breaks Out — The 23d of May — Naas — Prosperous — Kilcullen — Proclamation of Lake — Of the Lord Mayor of Dublin — Skirmishes at Carlow — Hacketstown, &c. — Insurgents have the Advantage at Dunboyne — Attack on Carlow — Executions — Sir E. Crosbie — Massacre at Gibbet Rath of Kildare — Slaughter on Tara Hill — Suppression of Insurrection in Kildare, Dublin and Meath . . . [293]

CHAPTER XXXIV: 1798
Wexford a Peaceable County — Lord Castlereagh’s Judicious Measures — Catholics Driven out of Yeomanry Corps — Treatment of Mr. Fitzgerald — United Irish in Wexford — The Priests Oppose that Society — How they were Requited — Miles Byrne — Torture in Wexford — Orangemen in Wexford — North Cark Militia — Hay’s Account of the Ferocity of the Magistrates — Massacre of Carnew — Father John Murphy — Burning of his Chapel — Miles Byrne’s Account of First Rising — Oulard — Storm of Enniscorthy — Wexford Evacuated by the King’s Troops — Occupied by Insurgents — All the County now in Insurrection — Estimated Numbers of Insurgents — Population of the County . . . [307]

CHAPTER XXXV: 1798
Camp on Vinegar Hill — Actions at Ballycannoo — At Newtownbarry — Tubberneering — Fall of Walpole — Two Columns — Bagenal Harvey Commands Insurgents — Summons New Ross to Surrender — Battle of New Ross — Slaughter of Prisoners — Retaliation — Scullabogue — Bagenal Harvey Shocked by Affair of Scullybogue — Resigns Command — Father Philip Roche General — Fight at Arklow — Claimed as a Victory by King’s Troops — Account of it by Miles Byrne — The Insurgents Execute some Loyalists in Wexford Town — Dixon — Retaliation — Proclamation by “People of Wexford” — Lord Kingsborough a Prisoner — Troops Concentrated round Vinegar Hill — Battle of Vinegar Hill — Enniscorthy and Wexford Recovered — Military Executions — Ravage of the Country — Chiefs Executed in Wexford — Treatment of Women — Outrages in the North of the County — Pate of Father John Murphy’s Column — Of Antony Perry’s — Combat at Ballyellis — Miles Byrne’s Account of it — Extermination of Ancient Britons — Character of Wexford Insurrection — Got up by the Government 31(

CHAPTER XXXVI: 1798
Rising in Ulster — Antrim — Saintfield — Ballinahinch — Insurgents Defeated — McCracken and Monroe Hanged — Skirmish in Cork County — Courts-Martial — Many Executions — Hanging of Father Redmond — Surrender of Fitzgerald and Aylmer — Compact between Prisoners inA Government — In order to Save the Lives of Byrne and Bond — Compact Violated by Government — Byrne Hanged — Bond Dies Suddenly in Prison — Reign of Terror in Dublin- Brothers Sheares Tried — Hanged — Other State Trials — Curran in Court — “The Three Majors” — Sirr, Swan, and Sandys — The “Major’s People” — John Claudius Beresford — Tortures in Dublin — Country in Wild Alarm — Spiked Heads — Fit Time to Propose Legislative Union — Marquis Cornwallis comes as Viceroy — To bring about the Union — “Impression of Horror” — Apparent Measures to End the Devastations — Offers of “Protection” — Not Efficacious — Testimony of Lord Camden himself” — True Account of the “Compact” — United Irishmen sent to Fort George . . . [332]

CHAPTER XXXVII: 1798
Parliament — The Acts of Attainder — French Landing under Humbert — Killala — Conduct of the little French Army — Ballina — The Races of Castlebar — Panic and Rout of the British Force — French give a Ball — Lord Cornwallis Collects a Great Army — Marches to meet the French — Encounters them at Ballinamuck — Defeat and Capture of the French — Recovery of Ballina — Slaughter — Courts-Martial, &c. — End of the Insurrections of 1798 — New French Expedition — Commodore Bompart — T. W. Tone — Encounter British Fleet at mouth of Lough Swilly — Battle — The Hoche Captured — Tone a Prisoner — Recognized by Sir George Hill — Carried to Dublin in Irons — Tried by Court-Martial — Condemned to be Hanged — His Address to the Court — Asks as a Favor to be Shot — Refused by Cornwallis — Suicide in Prison . . . [145]

CHAPTER XXXVIII: 1795-1799
Examination of O’Connor, Emmet, and MacNeven — Lord Enniskillen and his Court-Martial — Project of Union — Bar Meeting — Speech from the Throne — Union Proposed — Reception in the Lords — In the Commons — Ponsonby — Fitzgerald — Sir Jonah Barrington — Castlereagh’s Explanation — Speech of Plunket — First Division on the Union — Majority of One — Mr. Trench and Mr. Fox — Methods of Conversion to Unionism — First Contest a drawn Battle — Excitement in Dublin . . . [865]

CHAPTER XXXIX: 1799
Second Debate on Union — Sir Lawrence Parsons — Mr. Smith — Ponsonby and Plunket — Division — Majority Against Government — Ponsonby’s Resolution for Perpetual Independence — Defection of Fortescue and Others — Resolution Lost — “Possible Circumstances” — Tumult — Danger of Lord Clare — Second Debate in the Lords — Lord Clare Triumphant — “Loyalists’ Claim-Bill” — “Rebels Disqualification Bill” — “Flogging Fitzgerald” — Asks Indemnity — Regency Act — Opposed by Castlereagh . . . [374]

CHAPTER XL: 1799
Union Proposed in British Parliament — Opposed by Sheridan — Supported by Canning — Great Speech of Mr. Pitt — Ireland to be Assured of English Protection — Of English Capital — Promises to the Catholics — Mr. Pitt’s Resolutions for Union — Sheridan — Dundas — Resolutions Passed — In the House of Lords — Labors of Cornwallis and Castlereagh — Corruption — Intimidation — Onslaught of Troops in Dublin — Lord Cornwallis makes a Tour — Lord Downshire Disgraced — Handcock of Athlone — His Song and Palinode — Opposition Inorganic — The Orangemen — The Catholics — Arts to Delude Them — Dublin Catholics against Union — O’Connell — System of Terror — County Meeting Dispersed by Troops — Castlereagh’s Announcement of “Compensation” 381

CHAPTER XLI: 1799-1800
Progress of Union Conspiracy — Grand Scale of Bribery — Castlereagh Organizes “Fighting Men” — Dinner at his House — Last Session of the Irish Parliament — Warm Debate the First Day — Daly Attacks Bushe and Plunket — Reappearance of Grattan — His Speech — Corry Attacks Him — Division — Majority for Government — Castlereagh Proposes “Articles” of Union — His Speech — Promises Great Gain to Ireland from Union — Ireland to “Save a Million a Year” — Proposed Constitution of United Parliament — Irish Peerage — Ponsonby — Grattan — Again a Majority for the Castle — Lord Clare’s Famous Speech — Duel of Grattan and Corry — Torpor and Gloom in Dublin — The Catholics — “Articles” finally Adopted — By Commons —By Lords . . . [391]

CHAPTER XLII: 1800
The Union in English Parliament — Opposed by Lord Holland — Mr. Grey — Sheridan — Irish Act for Electors — Distribution of Seats — Castlereagh brings in bill for the Union — Warm Debates — Union Denounced by Plunket, Bushe, Saurin, Grattan — Their Earnest Language — Last Days of the Parliament. — Last Scene — Passes the Lords — The Protesting Peers — The Compensation Act — The King Congratulates the British Parliament — Lord Cornwallis — The Irish — Union to date from January 1, 1801 — Irish Debt — History of it . . . [401]

CHAPTER XLIII: 1800-1803
The Catholics Duped — Resignation of Pitt — Mystery of this Resignation — First Measure of United Parliament — Suspension of Habeas Corpus — Report of Secret Committee — Fate of Lord Clare — Lord Hardwicke, Viceroy — Peace of Amiens — -Treaty Violated by England — Malta — War again Declared by England — Mr. Pitt Resumes Office — Coalition against France . . . [410]

CHAPTER XLIV: 1802-1803
First Year of the Union — Distress in Ireland — Riot in Dublin — Irish Exiles in France — Renewed Hopes of French Aid — The two Emmets, MacNeven, and O’Connor in France — Apprehensions of Invasion in England — Robert Emmet comes from France to Ireland — His Associates -His Plans — Miles Byrne — Despard’s Conspiracy in England — Emmet’s Preparations — Explosion in Patrick Street — The 23d of July — Failure — Bloody Riot — Murder of Lord Kilwarden — Emmet sends Miles Byrne to France — Retires to Wicklow — Returns to Dublin — Arrested — Tried — Convicted --Hanged Fate of Russell . . . [417]

CHAPTER XLV: 1803-1804
Reason to believe that Government was all the time aware of the Conspiracy — “Striking Terror” — Martial Law — Catholic Address — Arrests — Informers — Vigorous Measures — In Cork — In Belfast — Hundreds of Men Imprisoned without Charge — Brutal Treatment of Prisoners — Special Commission — Eighteen Persons Hung — Debate in Parliament — Irish Exiles in France — First Consul Plans a New Expedition to Ireland — Formation of the “Irish Legion” — Irish Legion in Bretagne — Official Reply of the First Consul to T. A. Emmet — Designs of the French Government — Buonaparte’s Mistake — French Fleet again Ordered Elsewhere — The Legion goes to the Rhine, and to Waleheren — End of the Addington Ministry — Mr. Pitt Returns to Office — Condition of Ireland — Decay of Dublin — Decline of Trade — Increase of Debt — Ruinous Effects of the Union — Presbyterian Clergy Pensioned, and the Reason . . . [427]

CHAPTER XLVI: 1804-1805.
Mr. Pitt in Office — Royal Speech — No Mention of Ireland — Alarm about Invasion — Martello Towers — Reliance of the Irish Catholics on Mr. Pitt — Treatment of the Prisoners — Mr. James Tandy — Mr. Pitt Raises a Storm against the Catholics — Catholic Meeting in Dublin — Habeas Corpus Act again Suspended — Ireland “Loyal” —Duplicity of Lord Hardwicke — Catholic Deputies go to Mr. Pitt — A “Sincere Friend” — Mr. Pitt Refuses to Present Catholic Petition — Declares he will Resist Emancipation — Lord Grenville and Mr. Fox Present if; — Debate in the Lords — In the Commons — Speeches of Fox, Doctor Duigenan, Grattan — Perceval, Pitt, Sir John Newport — Emancipation Refused, both by Lords and Commons — Great Majorities . . . [434]

CHAPTER XLVII: 1804-1806
Prosecution of Judge Fox — His Offence, Enforcing Law on Orangemen — Prosecution of Judge Johnson — His Offence, Censuring the Irish Government — Decline of Pitt’s Power — Castlereagn Defeated in Down Cotinty — Successes of Buonaparte — Cry for Peace — Death of Mr. Pitt — Whig Ministry — Mr. Fox — His Opinion of the Union — First Whisper of “Repeal” — Release of State Prisoners — Dismissal of Lord Redesdale as Chancellor — Duke of Bedford, Viceroy — The Catholics Cheated Again — Equivocation of the Viceroy — Ponsonby — Curran’s Promotion — The Armagh Orangemen — Mr. Wilson the Magistrate . . . [442]

CHAPTER XLVIII: 1806-1807
Revenue and Debt of Ireland — Rapid Increase of Debt-Drain of Wealth from Ireland — Character of the Imports and Exports — Rackrents, Tithes, &c. — Distress of the People — The “Threshers” — Threshers Hung — Catholic Meetings — Increase of Maynooth Grant — From Apprehension of the Irish College in France — Catholic Officers’ Bill — To Promote Depopulation — Bill Abandoned — Change of Ministry — The King Demands a No-Popery Pledge — Duke of Cumberland — Perceval Administration — Camden and Castlereagh in Office — No-Popery — Recruiting in Ireland — John Keogh on Catholic Officers’ Bill — O’Connell — Too-Easy Gratitude of the Irish towards Whigs — Populace Draw the Duke of Bedford’s Coach. . . . [451]

CHAPTER XLIX: 1807-1808
Duke of Richmond, Viceroy — Sir A. Wellesley, Secretary — Their System — Depression of Catholics — Insolence of Orangemen — Government Interference in Elections — Ireland Gets a New Insurrection Act — And an Arms Act — Grattan Advocates Coercion Acts — Sheridan Opposes Them — Acts Passed — The Bishop of Quimper — Means Used to Create Exasperation against Catholics — “Shanavests” and “Caravats” — “Church in Danger” — Catholic Petition — In fluence of O’Connell — Lord Fingal — Growing Liberality amongst Protestants — Maynooth Grant Curtailed — Doctor Duigenan Privy-Councillor — Catholic Petition Presented — The “Veto” Offered — Mr. Ponsonby and Mr. Grattan — They Urge the Veto as a Security — Petition Rejected — Controversies on the Veto — Bishops’ Resolutions — No Catholics in Bank of Ireland — Dublin Police . . . [457]

CHAPTER L: 1808-1809
The Duke of Richmond’s Anti-Catholic Policy — The Orangemen Flourish — Their Outrages and Murders — Castlereagh and Perceval Charged with Selling Seats — Corruption — Sir Arthur Wellesley — Tithes — Catholic Committee Reorganized — John Keogh on Petitioning Parliament — O’Connell and the Convention Act — Orangemen also Reorganized — Orange Convention — More Murders by Orangemen — Crooked Policy of the Castle — Defection of the Bandon Orangemen — Success of the Castle Policy in Preventing Union with Irishmen . . . [467]

CHAPTER LI: 1810-1812
Duke of Richmond’s “Conciliation” — Orange Oppression — Treatment of Catholic Soldiers — The Veto again — Debate on Veto in Parliament — Catholic Petition Presented by Grattan — Rejected — O’Connell’s Leadership — New Organization of Catholics — Repeal of the Union First Agitated — Insanity of the King — Treachery of the Regent — Prosecution of the Catholic Committee — Convention Act — Suppression of the Committee — New Measures of O’ Couuell — Mr. Curran at Newry Election — Effects of the Union . . . [473]

CHATTER LII: 1813-1821
Grattan’s Emancipation Bill — More Veto — Quarantotti — Unanimity in Ireland against Veto — Mr. Peel and his New Police — Stipendiary Magistrates — Close of the War — Restoration of the Bourbons — Waterloo — Evil Effects on Ireland — The Irish Legion in France — Its Fate — Miles Byrne and his Friends — Effects of the Peace in Impoverishing the Irish — Cheap Ejectment Law Passed — Beginning of Extermination — “Surplus Population” — Catholic Claims Ruined by the Peace — O’Connell and Catholic Board — Board Suppressed — O’Connell in Court — His Audacity — His Scorn of the Dublin Corporation — Duel with D:Esterre — Distress in Ireland — Famine of 1817 — Coercion in Ireland — “Six Acts” in England — Mr. Plunket’s Emancipation Bill — Peel and the Duke of York — Royal Visit to Ireland — Catholics Cheated Again . . . [481]

CHAPTER LIII: 1822-1825
Famine of 1822 — Its Causes — Financial Frauds upon Ireland — Horrors of the Famine — Extermination — Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act — Castlereagh Cuts his Throat — Marquis Wellesley, Viceroy — Sir Harcourt Lees — The Bottle Riot — Catholic Association Formed — Dr. Doyle; “J. K. L.” — Progress of Catholic Association — “Catholic Rent” — Maynooth Professors “Loyal” — Rage of the Orangemen — “O’Connell, the Pope, and the Devil” — Passiveness of the Dissenters — 0’Connell’s Appeals to Them — Intellectual and Literary Power of the Movement — Act to Suppress “Unlawful Associations” — First Attempt to Cheat the Catholics — A Relief Bill, with “Wings” — Defeated — Catholic Deputation in London — O’Connell and the Whigs — Strong Feeling in Ireland against “Wings” . . . [490]

CHAPTER LIV: 1825-1829
Action of the Catholic Association — Waterford Election — Louth Election — Change of Ministry — Canning, Premier — Lord Anglesea, Viceroy — The “New Reformation” — Pope and Maguire — Deatn of Canning — Goderich Cabinet — Catholic Petition for Repeal of Test and Corporation Acts — Acts Repealed — Clare Election — O’Connell Returned — Its Results — Suppression of Catholic Association — Peel and Wellington Prepare Catholic Relief Bill — Rage of the Bigots — Reluctance of the King — O’Connell at the Bar of the House — Passage of the Emancipation Act — Disfranchisement of the Forty-Shilling. Freeholders — Abstract of the Relief Act — The New Oath — Meaning and Spirit of the Relief Act . . . [499]

CHAPTER LVI: 1829-1840
Results of the Relief Act — O’Connell Re-elected for Clare — Drain of Agricultural Produce — Educated Class of Catholics Bought — The Tithe War — Lord Anglesea, Viceroy — O’ConnelFs Associations — Anglesea’s Proclamations — Prosecution of O’Connell — National Education — Tithe-Tragedies — Newtownbarry — Carrickshock — Change of Dynasty in France — Reform Agitation in England — What Reform Meant in Ireland — Cholera — Resistance to Tithe — Lord Grey’s Coercion Act — Abolition of Negro Slavery — Church Temporalities Act; — Repeal Debate — Surplus Population — Surplus Produce — Tithe-Carnage at Rathcormack — Queen Victoria’s Accession — Three Measures Against Ireland — Poor Law — Tithe Law — Municipal Reform — Castle-Sheriffs . . . [510]

CHAPTER L VI: 1840-1843
Spirit of Legislation for Ireland — More Spying in the Post Office — Savings Banks — “Precursor Society” — Support to the Whigs — Whigs Go Out — Peel Comes In — Repeal Association — Export of Food — Extermination — The Repeal Year — Corporation Debate — The Younger Nationalists — New “Arms Bill” — O’Brien Moves for Inquiry — Preparations for Coercion — All England against Repeal — Monster Meetings — Mallow — Tara — Mullaghmast — Clontarf — Proclamation . . . [522]

CHAPTER LVII: 1843-1844:
Why England could not Yield — Cost to her of Repeal — Intention of Government at Clontarf — The “Projected Massacre” — Meeting Prevented — State Prosecution — O’Brien Declares for Repeal — Packing of the Jury — Verdict of Guilty — Debate in Parliament — Russell and Macaulay on Packing of Juries — O’Connell in Parliament — Speculation of the Whigs — Sentence and Imprisonment of “Conspirators” — Effects on Repeal Association — Appeal to the House of Lords — Whig Law Lords — Reversal of the Sentence — Enthusiasm of the People — Their Patience and Self-Denial — Decline of the Association . . . [635]

CHAPTER LVIII: 1844
Decadence of Repeal Association — Land Tenure Commission — Necessity of exterminating “Surplus Population” — Report of the “Landlord and Tenant Commission” — Tenant Right to be Disallowed — Farms to be Consolidated — People to be Extirpated — Methods of the Minister to Divide Repealers — Grant to Maynooth — Queen’s Colleges — Secret Agents at Rome — American Slavery — Distraction in Repeal Ranks — Bill for “Compensation to Tenants” — Defeated — Death of Thomas Davis — The Famine — Commission of Chemists to Gain Time — Demands of Ireland — Of the Corporations — Of O’Connell and O’Brien — Repudiation of Alms — Coercion Bill — Repeal of Corn Laws — Irish Harvests go to England — “Relief Measures” — Delays — Fraud — Havoc of the People — Peel’s System of Famine-Slaughter Fully Established — Peel Resigns Office 543

CHAPTER LIX: 1846-1847
Progress of the Famine Carnage — Pretended Relief Measures — Imprisonment of O’Brien — Dissensions in Repeal Association — Break up of that Body — Ravages of Famine — “Labor-Rate Act” — Useless Public Works —Extermination — Famine of 1817 — How they lived in England — Advances from the Treasury — Attempts of Foreign Countries to relieve the Famine — Defeated by British Government — Vagrancy Act — Parish Coffins — Constant Repudiation of Alms — An Englishman’s Petition for Alms to Ireland — -“Ingratitude” of the Irish — Death of O’Connell — Preparations to Insure the Next Year’s Famine — Emigration- British Famine Policy — New Coercion Act called for — Famine in Ireland . . . [560]

CHAPTER LX: 1847-1848
Lord Clarendon Viceroy — His means of Insuring the Shipment to England of the Usual Tribute — Bribes the Baser Sort of Editors — Patronage for Catholic Lawyers — Another Coercion Act — Projects for Stopping Exports of Grain — Arming — Alarm of Government — Whigs active in Coercion — French Revolution of February — Coufederate Clubs — Deputation from Dublin to Paris — O’Brien’s Last Appearance in Parliament — Trials of O’Brien and Meagher — Trial of Mitchel — Packing of the Jury — Reign of Terror in Dublin . . . [574]

CHAPTER LXI: 1848-1849
Reconstitution of the Irish Confederation — New National Journals Established — The Tribune — The Felon — New Suspension of Habeas Corpus — Numerous Arrests — O’Brien attempts Insurrection — Ballingarry — Arrest and Trial of O’Brien and Others — Conquest of the Island — Destruction of the People — Incumbered Estates Act — Its Effects — No Tenant-Right- — “Rate-in-Aid” — Queen’s Visit to Ireland — Places given to Catholics — Catholic Judges — Their Office and Duty — Ireland “Prosperous” — Statistics of the Famine Slaughter — Destruction of Three Millions of Souls — Flying from “Prosperity” . . . [585]

CHAPTER LXII: 1850-1851
Repopulation — Emigration — “Plea for the Celtic Race” — Decay of the Irish Electoral Body — Act to Amend Representation — “Papal Aggression” — Rage in England — Ecclesiastical Titles Bill — Never Enforced — And Why — Orange Outrage in Down County — “Dolly’s Brae” — Style of Orange Processions — Condition of the Country — Further Emigration — Still more Extermination — Crime and Outrage — Plenty and Prosperity in England — Conclusion . . . [597]

Appendix . . . [611]

Index . . . [627]