W. B. Yeats, The Poetry of Sir Samuel Ferguson (I), in The Irish Fireside [Irish Poets and Irish Poetry series] (9 Oct., 1886): [ ] now that his feet have worn that pathway, many others will follow, and bring thence living waters for the healing of our nation, helping us to live the larger life of the Spirit [...]. Further, [...] Sir Samuel Fergusons special claim to our attention is that he went back to the Irish cycle, finding it, in truth, a foundation that, in the passage of centuries, [...] was forgotten of the poets; but now that his feet have worn the pathway, many others will follow, and bring thence living waters of healing of our nation, helping us to live a larger life of the Spirit, and lifting our souls away from their selfish joys and sorrows to be the companions of those who lived among the woods and hills when the world was young. Further, [T]he lyric nature loves to linger on what is strange and fantastical calls Ferguson the greatest Irish poet, because in his poems and legends, they [?sic] embody more completely than in any other mans writings, the Irish character, its unflinching devotion to some single aim, its passion [...] And this faithfulness to things tragic and bitter, to thoughts that wear ones life out and scatter ones joy, the Celt has above all others. Those who have it, alone are capable of great causes. (John Frayne, Uncollected Prose of W. B. Yeats, Vol. 1, pp.81-87; p.82, 87; also given in Yeats & Thomas Kinsella, Davis, Mangan, Ferguson?: Tradition and the Irish Writer, Dublin: Dolmen Press 1970) [end Pt. I - cont.]
W. B. Yeats, The Poetry of Sir Samuel Ferguson - II, in Dublin University Review (Nov. 1886) - cont.: [...] The author of these poems is the greatest poet Ireland has produced, because the most central and most Celtic. Whatever the future may bring in the way of a truly great and national literature and now that the race is so large, so widely spread, and so conscious of its unity, the years are ripe - will find its morning in these three volumes of one who was made by the purifying flame of National sentiment the one man of his time who wrote heroic poetry - one who, among the somewhat sybaritic singers of his day, was like some aged sea-king sitting among the inland wheat and poppies - the savour of the sea about him, and its strength. / In these poems and the legends the contain lies the refutation of the calumnies of England and those amongst us who are false to their country. (Quoted in Terence Brown, Northern Voices, Poets from Northern Ireland, 1975, p.34; also printed in Justin McCarthy, gen. ed., Irish Literature, 1904, and quoted in A. P. Graves, Introduction, Poems of Ferguson [1918], pp.xxxv-vi. as supra; Rep. in John P. Frayne, ed., Uncollected Prose of W. B. Yeats, 1970, p.103; see further under W. B. Yeats [q.v.], Quotations [infra].)
John OLeary wrote, Sir Samuel Ferguson is, as I understand, a Unionist, but he is a better patriot than I am; he had done more for Ireland than I have ever done or ever hope to do. (See John Frayne, Uncollected Prose, 1970, Vol. 1, p.405; cited by Richard Mitchell, BA Diss., Univ. of Ulster, 1997.)
Aubrey de Vere on Fergusons poetry, Its qualities are those characteristic of the noble, not the ignoble poetry - viz, passion, imagination, vigour, an epic largeness of conception, wide human wympathies, vivid and truthful description -while with them it unites none of the vulgar stimulants for exhausted or morbid poetic appetite, whether the epicurean seasoning, the skeptical, or the revolutionary. (cited Justin McCarthy, ed., Irish Literature, Catholic Univ. of America 1904, p.1169.) [ top ] A. P. Graves, in T. W. Rolleston and Stopford Augustus Brooke, eds., A Treasury of Irish Verse in the English Language (1900; 1905): Ferguson was deliberately facing the fact that the Irish themes he had set his heart upon had no public to greet them. A generation before, they would have had the support of a cultured and unprovincialised Irish upper-class; a generation later they would have claimed attention, in Fergusons hands, as the noblest outcome of the Irish literary revival. He was therefore both before and after his time. (Op. cit., p.278); also Brooke, the leader of the choir was Sir Samuel Ferguson, whose Lays of the Western Gael, 1867, established the Celtic movement ... (idem, p.xv). Further (from same; cited in Justin McCarthy, ed., Irish Literature, 1904), Omitting living writers, of whom it is too early to speak with confidence, Ferguson was unquestionably the Irish poet of the past century who has most powerfully influenced the literary history of his country. It was in his writings that the great work of restoring to Ireland the spiritual treasure it had lost in parting with the Gaelic tongue was decisively begun. [q.d.]
A. P Graves, Poems of Sir Samuel Ferguson ([1918]) - cont.: Graves quotes the judgement of Thomas Aird, Scottish poet, in telling Ferguson, Surely you spoil the grand close, and the whole piece [The Tain Quest], by appending your own personality of interference as a commentator on the malediction [xxxii]; Graves adds; Ferguson has been similarly unlucky in the The Welshmen of Tirawley in this attempt to tag a comment on to the end of a tale which he has so nobly adorned, and remarks that he has got rid of these two moralising tags in the exercise of his editorial discretion [idem]. Graves counts the tendency to act at times as commentator on his own work, as well as a too ponderously Latinised form and the careless, not so say bluff, disregard for verbal delicacies as his only lapses; Graves praised him as the author of epic poetry: He is manly.... He has vision [xxxiii]. Also quotes Yeats: The author of these poems is the greatest poet Ireland has produced, because the most central and most Celtic. Whatever the future may bring in the way of a truly great and national literature - and not that the race is so [xxxv] large, so widely spread, and so conscious of its unity, the years are ripe - will find its morning in these three volumes of one who was made by the purifying flame of national sentiment the one man of his time who wrote heroic poetry [ &c.; as supra]; admits to condensing Congal and cutting down Tain Quest; acknowledgements to Smith, Elder, & Co., and Elkin Mathews, as well as H. S. H. Guinness (copyright holder).
Padraic Colum, ed. & intro., Poems of Samuel Ferguson [Comhairle Ealaíon ser. of Irish Authors, No. 2] (Dublin: Allen Figgis 1963), Introduction, pp.1-10: In politics Samuel Ferguson was a Unionist, but to the Unionists of TCD of his day he must have seemed a crypto-nationalists. Anyone who reads a certain essay of his will know how strongly, even passionately, he felt about self-determination for Ireland, culturally and economically [5]. Of the poems, If we compare any of them with a lay by a modern poet, Yeatss the Death of Cuchullain, the poem, not the drama - we notice something very necessary in poetry that evokes the ancient world is absent from these collections. There is nothing in them that characterises a personage ... they are separated from the age of the heroes, they read as elegiac poems [6]. (Cont.)
[ top ] Padraic Colum, ed., Anthology of Irish Verse (1922): Introduction: After Moore there came another poet who reached a distinctive metrical achievement through his study of the music that Bunting had published. This poet was Samuel Ferguson. He took the trouble to learn Gaelic, and when he translated the words of Irish folk-songs to the music that they were sung to, he created, in half a dozen instances, poems that have a racial distinctiveness. Ferguson had what Moore had not - the ability to convey the Gaelic spirit. [Quotes Cashel of Munster]. [...] Fergusons translation of Cean Dubh Dilis, Dear Dark Head, makes one of the most beautiful of Irish love songs; it is a poem that carries into English the Gaelic music and the Gaelic feeling; the translation, moreover, is more of a poem than is the original. / Sir Samuel Ferguson was the first Irish poet to attempt a re-telling of any of the ancient sagas. He aimed at doing for The Táin Bó Cuiligne [sic for Cuailgne], the Irish epic cycle, what Tennyson at the time was doing for the Arthurian cycle, presenting it, not as a continuous narrative, but as a series of poetic studies. The figures of the heroic cycle, however, were too primitive, too elemental, too full of their own sort of humour for Ferguson to take them on their own terms. He made them conform a good deal to Victorian rectitudes. And yet, it has to be said that he blazed a trail in the trackless region of Celtic romance; the prelude to his studies, The Tain Quest, written in a heady ballad metre, is quite a stirring poem, and his Conairy manages to convey a sense of vast and mysterious action. It was to Ferguson that W. B. Yeats turned when he began his deliberate task of creating a national literature for Ireland. [For full text, see RICORSO Library, Critical Classics > Anglo-Irish, infra.]
George A Little, Dublin Before the Vikings (1957), writes: In Mesgedra, Ferguson was misled about Dublin in the third century for he wrote, When glades were green where Dublin stands today, / And limpid Liffey, fresh from wood and wold, / Bridgeless and fordless, in the lonely Bay, / sank to her rest on sands of stainless gold ... [...] How glad Ferguson would have been to have known his error - how proud of the opposing truth! (p.148.)
Robert ODriscoll, Ferguson and the Idea of an Irish National Literature, in Éire-Ireland, 6, 1 (Spring 1971), pp.82-95, remarks that despite the influences of the Belfast Academical Institution Ferguson expresses in his early writings intolerance for his Roman Catholic countrymen and a deep distrust of the motives of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. The Roman catholic, he believed at this time, was simply a mixture of error and superstition: between the outworks of trick and legerdemain, and the citadel of church supremacy what a wilderness of error inexplicable - what pitfalls, traps, and labyrinths - what sloughs and stenches of superstition! But, above all and beyond all, what a rampart in the deluded peoples love? For the Irish priesthood holds dear the hearts of their secluded victims in even firmer bondage than their minds. // Yet though Fergusons dislike of Catholicism was great, his love of Ireland was greater: I am an Irishman and a Protestant he writes in (p.83) in an unpublished letter, but I was an Irishman before I was a Protestant. (pp.83-84.)
Dominic Daly, The Young Douglas Hyde: The Dawn of the Irish Revolution and Renaissance, 1874-1893 (Shannon: IUP 1974): writes of Ferguson, At present the cultured criticism of the day is averse to the Irish subject in any form, and the uncultured will not have it save in that form of helotism in which I at least will not present it. My business is, regardless of such discouragements, to do what I can in the formation of a characteristic school of letters for my own country. Quoted in Lady Ferguson, Sir Samuel Ferguson and [recte in] the Ireland of His Day (Edin. & Lon. 1896), vol. II, pp.291, 292. ALSO, Daly notices in passing that Hyde seems uninfluenced by Ferguson, and that none of his publications are on Hydes booklists. [215] He later notes that Fergusons Cashel of Munster, The Coolun, and Paistin Fionn; anticipate the simple directness of the Love Songs. [See Dominic Daly, The Young Douglas Hyde, 1974, p.132].
[ top ] Máire Mac an tSaoi, Introduction to Hardimans Irish Minstrelsy (Shannon: IUP 1971), pp.v-xii [on Fergusons critique of Hardiman in the Dublin University Magazine]: Ferguson writes as part of the ascendant nation; his natural youthful pomposity and self-righteousness are intensified to an almost claustrophic degree by his inherited fear of the helot people and a deeply inculcated loathing of the,m as he sees them, superstitious and pernicious doctrines to whcih they so stubbornly adhere - doctrines to no small extent responsible for the debasement of their natures and the degradation of their condition. Yet such is the power of intellectual curiosity and the persuasive constraint of common childhood surroundings - the innumerable shared experiences of master and serf - that Ferguson has ventured already a long way into enemy country and comes closer to them in his heart than clearly, as an enlightened Protestant gentleman of the day, he cares to admit. Language and antiquarianism have betrayed him; the material he approached as a scholarly pastime - made fashionable in the preceding generation by Bishop Percy and Miss Brooke - has captured his imagination and will dominated all his [v] subsequent literary achievement. Meanwhile he writes of the pieces in the anthology [i.e., Irish Minstrelsy] as the pious labours of a man, who, however politically malignant and religiously fanatical, has yet done such good service to his country in their collection and preservation, that for her sake we half forgive him our quarrel. / Of this meeting of minds, overtly hostile at so many points, our own present-day concept of our native cultural heritage is in great measure the outcome. (pp.v-vi; see futher under Hardiman, infra.)
Hugh Kenner, A Colder Eye: The Modern Irish Writers (1983) - cont.: This haunts with its density of consonance and assonance - hill for instance is part of the wheel-reel cluster, and of dear and weary echo one another from the second and fourth strong beats in their line, so do, less obviously, crags and dance. Later Fairy remembers dear and weary. And that hypnotic, elusive rhythm with its arrested fourth line - has anything like it been heard in English before? Only music can explain such seeming invention on the part of a minor though industrious poet. Ferguson had, as the Celts say, a chune in his head, not anything counted by syllables. More than once he lost its spell and lapsed into doggerel but not in a stanza like this: The enchantment seizes them; the four girls all in green stay entranced through the night, immobile, bowed beside the Fairy Hawthorn in its lonely rowan grove. By morning the four are three. No more than the child in W. B. Yeatss The Land Hearts Desire will gay truant Anna be seen by mortals again. Yet as such versification can elide into doggerel (and Fergusons more than once does, within this very poem), so such ma[y ]glancing through the glimmer of the quiet eve, / Away in milky wavings of neck and ankle bare; / The heavy-sliding stream in its sleepy song they leave, / And the crags in the ghostly air [...]. (pp.93-94.)
Seamus Deane, A Short History of Irish Literature (London: Hutchinson 1986) - calls Ferguson: A nationalist who was also a unionist, a Protestant preaching intellectual freedom to the Papists whom he held in contempt, a nrilionian who wished to revive a version of romantic Ireland, a believer in the people who defended the supremacy of a caire. But the case is more complex than this array of contradictions would imply. In the first place, cultural nationalism and the defence either of the Union or, before 1800, of the link with Britain, were not all anomalous. The patriot movement of the eighteenth century, of which Ferguson was an inheritor, had given its fidelity to this combination. And the expatriate groups, the absentee intellectuals, led by Burke, had looked to the conciliation of Catholic and Protestant through a policy of voluntary concession to Catholic claims as the only means of preserving the integrity of the British imperial system, with Ireland as a natural and central part of it. (pp.67-68; quoted in Eve Patten, Samuel Ferguson and the Culture of Nineteenth-Century Ireland, Dublin: Four Courts Press 2004, p.26.)
[ top ] David Cairns & Shaun Richards, Writing Ireland, colonialism, nationalism and culture (Manchester UP 1988), 26-33, Lady Ferguson stated that Ferguson was not at any period of his life a party-man. As an intelligent student of history, past and present, he held definite views as to the policy, foreign and domestic of the empire ... The foremost place in his love belonged, however, to Ireland (Ferguson, vol. 1 1896, p.237). An anonymous article probably by him in Blackwoods (Jan. 1833) called Ireland No. 1, is Protestant propagandist in character [prey to its own furious and ungovernable passions; ruled by an ignorant and ambitious priesthood; seduced by frantic and unprincipled demagogues]; The Good Old Cause (Dublin University Magazine, Vol. II, IX, Sept. 1833, pp.241-47), envisages the State being buried in the quicksands of rebellion, anarchy, and irreligion (p.247); others such as The Present Crisis, from the first edition of Dublin Magazine (Jan. 1833), or The Coming Crisis (July 1833) rehearse the idea that Protestantism is threatened. Authors quotes Dialogue -... &c.] ( Dublin University Magazine, Vol. II, no. XI, November 1833, pp.586-93) [as above] for if Catholic Emancipation produce repeal, so surely will repeal produce ultimate separation; and so sure as we have a separation, so surely will there be war levied, estates confiscated, and the Popish church established (p.588). What exercises Ferguson is the position of the Anglo-Irish who are described as the acknowledged possessors of nine-tenths of the property but plundered in our country seats, robbed in our town houses (p.591). [Cont.]
Chris Morash, ed., The Hungry Voice (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan 1989), Morash comments in his preface, [Fergusons] two long satires of 1849, Inheritor and Economist and Dublin, are virtually unique ... in their attempt to comprehend the state of Famine Ireland in a verse form that takes account of the wider network of social and economic relationships in which any individual is necessarily enmeshed. When the famine broke out in 1845 Ferguson ... was on the continent, researching manuscript sources of early Irish history. His verse translations of these ancient Gaelic epics in the years after the Famine were to earn him the respect of Yeats and to secure for him a place in the history of Irish literature. However, when he returned to Ireland in 1846 to find the country in a state of crisis, he not only laid aside the legendary material on which he had been working, he also began to modify his political views. As a younger man ... a strong supporter of the Union ... had published anti-nationalist poetry, such as An Irish Garland ... in Blackwoods Magazine in 1833 (p.18-19). [ top ] Robert Welch, Language and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century, in Changing States: Transformations in Modern Irish Writing (London: Routledge 1993) [Chap. 2]: Ferguson was a Protestant Unionist, with strong nationalist sympathies [...] He tried, in the 1830s, with all the energy of his youthful enthusiasm, to create a cultural space in which the Gaelic past would collaborate with the modern British imperial present, where Irish Catholic and Protestant could come to an accommodation through a better understanding of their respective traditions. At the root of his thinking in the 1830s is the concern to find a way of being in Ireland for Irish people, Catholic and Protestant, so that they can feel at home in the present and attached to the past. He is very conscious that Ireland does not have an adequate system whereby it can represent itself to itself. There has not been a civil evolution, as in England , of the kind described by Burke in the Reflections, when he reflects upon what was tested and sustained in the seventeenth century. The Irish Protestants, Ferguson says, have forgotten the liberty to which they are attached as part of the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; but the native Irish did not participate in this civil evolution in any way. Protestant and native Irish are unable to amalgamate from the want of these intermediate steps upon the civil scale - steps forgotten by the one and never taken by the other. (‘Hardimans Irish Ministrelsy – No. III, in Dublin University Magazine, Vol. IV, 1834, p.448.) / Now the Protestants must show the lead. The responsibility is all the greater in that the opportunism of Rome has shown itself in the way the Catholic priests have allied themselves with OConnell. The Protestants must, if the country is not to be taken over by another Bonaparte, another meddling Jacobinical democratizing tyrant, present their case, and show their countrymen a way of thinking about Ireland which will be inclusive and significant - that is, capable of signifying for now, for the present. Protestant industry must develop a method of enquiry which will have for its object a system of signs, rooted in the countrys past, whereby Irish people can live back in the land they live in [Later quotes this passage fully, as in Quotations, infra.] In the passage from which this is taken, from the Dublin University Magazine in 1840, he is speaking of the enlargement of our portion of space, of time, of feeling that is the true source of intellectual pleasure. [ 26; cont.] [ top ]
Robert Welch (Language and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century (in Changing States, 1993) - cont.: Ferguson cannot see Ireland simply as a place to be, and his language is agitated by so many considerations, political, cultural, propagandist, sectarian, that it cannot open out to become a system of representation for a mind fully engaged with, fully informed by, life. This is not to deny that he wrote some very fine poems, but simply to recollect that with Ferguson we are with one of the major figures of nineteenth century Irish literature, and yet we cannot even begin to compare him with, say, Victorian writers and cultural commentators such as Ruskin, Carlyle or Tennyson. He simply does not have access to a language capable of representing the broad conspectus of experience and of relating past and present in a confident assumption that there is such a thing as a coherent tradition. It is in these assumptions and confidences that Victorian authority is grounded, but for an Irish Victorian there would be, continually, for all the desire to anneal and compromise, a profound sense of rupture, unease and strain. In the twentieth century, ironically, artistic authority is grounded in just these discontinuities: we sing in our uncertainty, wrote Yeats. (See full text, in RICORSO Library, Critical Classics, infra.)
Joep Leerssen, Remembrance and Imagination: Patterns in the Historical and Literary Representations of Ireland in the Nineteenth Century (Cork UP/Field Day 1996) - on Fergusons review of Hardimans Irish Minstrelsy (1831): Leerssen discusses the tendency of conservative politics to criticize the persistence of historical memory on the part of beaten peoples and espec. Edmund Burkea view that collective guilt cannot [...] outlast the lifetime of the individuals concerned (Leersson dixit, p.180): In Hardiman s case, that view is emphatically set aside. Collective guilt is remembered, shared oppression held up as an example, and an ethical debitcredit relation is used to establish continuity between past and present. This tendency was to be an indispensable ingredient in Irish nationalism, right down to the invocation of the dead generations, quoted, under God, as the most important legitimizing authority in Pearse s 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic. [181]
[ top ] Michael Cronin, Translating Ireland: Translations, Languages, Cultures (Cork UP 1996), rebukes David Lloyd for attributing an ideal of transparent translation to Ferguson, adding: For Ferguson, translation between the two languages was never straightforward, and the presence of irreducible difference stalked the conscientious translator from Irish into English (p.110), quoting: idiomatic differences of the two languages give to the translation an uncouth and difficult hesitation not in the original (Irish Minstrelsy [review], No. III, p.460; here p.110.) Further quotes remarks on perplexing vices of grotesqueness on the one hand, and of colloquial tameness on the other ([Idem.]) Also: The classic language of Pope will not answer to the homely phrase of Carolan; but the slang of Donnybrook is equally inconsistent with the Bards legacy ([Idem.]) Also: the accompanying words, in whatever English dress they may be invested, present a contrast of low and ludicrous images as well as of an incondite simplicity of construction the most striking and apparently absurd. (Idem; Cronin, p.110.) Cronin later quotes: subdued by a people so far in advance of her own, that after centuries of fellow-citizenship, the two races are still unable to amalgamate from the want of these intermediate steps upon the civil state - steps forgotten by the one and never taken by the other (Irish Minstrelsy, Pt. III, p.451; Cronin, p.118.)
Thomas Hofheinz, James Joyce and the Invention of Irish History (Cambridge UP 1995): examines Fergusons The Cromlech on Howth (1861) [unpag. with interleaved blank pages and copious notes at the end, ill. by Margaret Stokes and lettering initials from the Book of Kells]. Hofheinz glosses: In Fergusons historical scheme throughout The Cromlech on Howth, the landscape of Howth promontory and environs and the ancient ruins on it are of primary importance: all historical and legendary [76] narrative comes from memory of the land or contemplation of the voices encoded in the land when memory is gone. The past is encrypted and entombed: by symbolic extension, the lands features mirror the features of those who are lost. Ossian the poet/Ferguson the antiquarian keen over the dead, incanting the past through song. Fergusons poem concludes with a stanza that combines topographical vividness, cultural interment, and historical alienation: Farewell, the strength of men is worn, / The night approaches dark and chill. / Sleep, till perchance an endless morn/Descend the glittering hill. / Of Oscar and Aideen bereft, / So Ossian sang. The Fenians sped / Three might shouts to heaven: and left / Ben Edar to the dead. / Ossian/Fergusons hymn to historical transcendence dissolges into the darkness that obliterates the heroic age of Gaelic Ireland, leaving behind only the promontary of Howth and the cairn at its crown. Aideen and the other Fenians are asleep as well as interred, both dead and alive, waiting for a morning that will wake them from their living death. Behind the production of The Cromlech on Howth is the real-world endeavour by Ferguson, Petrie, Davis, ODonovan, and others to claim the Irish past through names, to discover Irish history from cultural artifacts. (pp.75-78.) [ top ] Gerry Smyth, Decolonisation and Criticism: The Construction of Irish Literature (London: Pluto Press 1998), pp.65-67: [Ferguson thought that] Hardiman has attempted to appropriate the quality of Irishness to construct an exclusivist, antagonistic position which would deny Anglo-Ireland a role in the national history. At the same time, Ferguson is aware of the reasons for such a manoeuvre, and is both emotionally and intellectually attracted by the historical and aesthetic arguments underpinning it. [...; He] made use of whatever was to hand to construct a powerful position for the national fraction he represented in spite of Catholic Irish agitation and English reform. (p.66.) Fergusons criticism of James Hardimans Irish Minstrelsy represents a comprehensive statement of Anglo-Irishness while also constituting one of the most skilful attempts to square the circle of modern (Anglo-)Irish critical theory (p.65; . &c.) Further: [I]t is with the 300-word coda inserted at the end as a technical addendum to the opening critique that Ferguson attempts to insinuate the Anglo-Irish into a leading role in national discourse [quoting:] The main difficulty, and one which is in some cases insurmountable, consists in the multitude of words in the original forming a measure which frequently does not afford room for more than half the English expressions requisite for their adequate translation. [&c.; see further under Quotations, infra.] This arises from the ellipsis of aspirated consonants and concurrent vowels, which frequently slurs three or four words into a single dactyl, and compresses the meanings into so small bounds, that the translator is driven either to lengthen the measure, and thus make his version incompatible with the tune of the original, if a song, and indeed with its spirit and character in any case, or else to double each stanza, and by a dilation as prejudicial to the genius of his subject as the over compression of too strict adherence, to lose the raciness of translation in the effete expansion of a paraphrase. (Hardimans Irish Minstrelsy, DUM, Nov. 1834, p.529; Smyth, p.67.) [Cont.]
[ top ] Eve Patten, Samuel Ferguson and the Culture of Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts Press 2004) - Introduction: [...] The identification of Ferguson with the Anglo-Irish ascendancy [...], largely on the basis of his 1848 marriage into [sic] a scion of the Guinness family, completely by-passes the co-ordinates of his background, economic position and career path, none of which conformed neatly to any decided social profile. The political heterogeneity of his peer group militates against the idea that he was simply an Ascendancy evangelist ruthlessly engaged in a sustained project of cultural indoctrination. While he frequently had difficulty in defining his own audience, his instinctive feel was for the urban professional activist, and for a civic confederacy which, while he might very well maintian necessary relationships with the landed aristocracy or the Castle, was nonetheless a new and pragmatic voice in Irish political and cultural life. / Recovery of Ferguson is a means of recovering aspects of this social element in nineteeth-century Ireland, and of revealing the complex class dynamics so frequently obscured in popular historical accounts by the sustaining image of an enervated Protestant Ascendancy. [...] In particular, attention has been distracted from the consolidation in the period of a Protestant urban middle class, an oversight compounded by the traditional profiling of the Protestant population as a monolithic landed élite and the identification of a rising, urban middle class exclusively with Catholicism. (p.12.) [Cont.]
Brendan Ó Cathair, review of Samuel Ferguson and the Culture of 19th-century Ireland, by Eve Patten, in The Irish Times (26 Feb. 2005), Weekend: Samuel Ferguson wrote not to sweeten Irelands wrong, pace Yeats, but to enlarge the Irish mind. Eve Patten [...] explores the complex ideological make-up of this influential 19th-century writer. Underlying his cultural politics - temporary diversions into Repeal, on the one hand, or hardline unionism on the other - was an enduring affiliation to traditions of civic virtue and patriotism. While ingratiating himself into the Dublin literary scene, he retained. the proclivities of his Northern liberal heritage. / His flirtation with Young Ireland - although he never wrote for the Nation - was a protest against the process of centralisation under the Union. / The Dublin Castle administration was dominated by English bureaucrats, who lacked commitment to Ireland. Their catastrophic neglect reached its apogee during the Famine. / Symbolically, Fergusons marriage to a scion of the Guinness family in August 1848 coincided with the dispersal of his Young Ireland associates. Ultimately, his quest for cultural unity foundered in the slough of Protestant insecurity and Catholic assertiveness. [ top ] |